血管内皮由高度异质的单层内皮细胞(EC)组成,由于EC不断与血流紧密接触,这是细菌和病毒感染的主要目标。新出现的证据表明ECs是先天免疫的关键细胞类型。像巨噬细胞一样,当感知由病毒和细菌引起的入侵病原体或微生物感染时,EC充当哨兵。ECs如何感知危险信号仍然难以捉摸,转导信号并完成免疫功能。维甲酸诱导基因-I(RIG-I,基因名称也称为DDX58)是RIG-I样受体(RLR)家族的重要成员,它是重要的病原体识别受体(PRR),可执行免疫监视并赋予宿主抗病毒反应。最近的研究表明,病毒感染,dsRNA,dsDNA,干扰素,LPS,和25-羟基胆固醇(25-HC)可以增加RIG-1在EC中的表达并传播抗病毒反应。翻译的意义,三七总皂苷可以抑制RIG-I的活化,内源性PPARγ配体15-PGJ2,色胺酮和2-嘌呤。考虑到炎症和先天免疫在调节内皮功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化中的关键作用,本文对RIG-I在内皮细胞功能中的作用进行了简要综述,并强调了阐明RIG-I在调节心血管疾病和病毒感染疾病中的潜在作用的未来方向。包括COVID-19。进一步了解RIG-I介导的信号通路对于控制与ECs中改变的免疫和炎症相关的疾病很重要。
The vascular endothelium consists of a highly heterogeneous monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) which are the primary target for bacterial and viral infections due to EC\'s constant and close contact with the bloodstream. Emerging evidence has shown that ECs are a key cell type for innate immunity. Like macrophages, ECs serve as sentinels when sensing invading pathogens or microbial infection caused by viruses and bacteria. It remains elusive how ECs senses danger signals, transduce the signal and fulfil immune functions. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I, gene name also known as
DDX58) is an important member of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family that functions as an important pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) to execute immune surveillance and confer host antiviral response. Recent studies have demonstrated that virus infection, dsRNA, dsDNA, interferons, LPS, and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) can increase RIG-1 expression in ECs and propagate anti-viral response. Of translational significance, RIG-I activation can be inhibited by Panax notoginseng saponins, endogenous PPARγ ligand 15-PGJ2, tryptanthrin and 2-animopurine. Considering the pivotal role of inflammation and innate immunity in regulating endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, here we provided a concise
review of the role of RIG-I in endothelial cell function and highlight future direction to elucidate the potential role of RIG-I in regulating cardiovascular diseases as well as virus infectious disease, including COVID-19. Furthered understanding of RIG-I-mediated signaling pathways is important to control disorders associated with altered immunity and inflammation in ECs.