食品制造商面临越来越大的压力,要求限制其产品中游离糖的含量。许多人重新配制了产品来代替蔗糖,葡萄糖和果糖与替代甜味剂,但其中一些与其他健康问题有关。稀有糖是自然界中几乎不存在的单糖及其衍生物,越来越多的证据表明它们可能对健康有益。这篇综述旨在对现有文献进行分类,以确定最常研究的稀有糖,为了确定他们提出的健康益处,行动机制和潜在用途,并强调知识差距。迭代数据库搜索的过程确定了55篇相关文章。注意到稀有糖的报道影响,以及所进行的研究方法的细节。我们的结果表明,研究的最常见的稀有糖是d-阿洛酮糖和d-塔格糖,潜在的健康益处分为三个主题:血糖控制,身体成分和CVD。研究的所有稀有糖都有可能抑制餐后血糖升高并改善人类和动物模型中的血糖控制。一些动物研究表明,某些稀有糖也可以改善脂质分布,改变肠道微生物组和减少促炎细胞因子的表达。本综述表明,稀有糖可以在减少肥胖的发展中发挥作用,2型糖尿病和/或CVD。然而,对稀有糖可能发挥作用的机制的理解是有限的,它们在重新配制的产品中使用时的有效性是未知的。
Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure to limit the amount of free sugars in their products. Many have reformulated products to replace sucrose, glucose and fructose with alternative sweeteners, but some of these have been associated with additional health concerns. Rare sugars are \'monosaccharides and their derivatives that hardly exist in nature\', and there is increasing evidence that they could have health benefits. This
review aimed to scope the existing literature in order to identify the most commonly researched rare sugars, to ascertain their proposed health benefits, mechanisms of action and potential uses and to highlight knowledge gaps. A process of iterative database searching identified fifty-five relevant articles. The reported effects of rare sugars were noted, along with details of the research methodologies conducted. Our results indicated that the most common rare sugars investigated are d-psicose and d-tagatose, with the potential health benefits divided into three topics: glycaemic control, body composition and CVD. All the rare sugars investigated have the potential to suppress postprandial elevation of blood glucose and improve glycaemic control in both human and animal models. Some animal studies have suggested that certain rare sugars may also improve lipid profiles, alter the gut microbiome and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The present
review demonstrates that rare sugars could play a role in reducing the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which rare sugars may exert their effects is limited, and their effectiveness when used in reformulated products is unknown.