肝细胞极性对于胆管的发育以及从肝脏安全运输胆汁和废物至关重要。由于缺乏适当的细胞模型,极化肝细胞背景下自体突变蛋白的功能研究一直具有挑战性。这项研究的目的是获得一个患者特异性肝细胞模型,概括肝细胞的极性,并采用该模型来研究涉及肝细胞极性的肝脏疾病的内源性突变蛋白。
尿液细胞来源的多能干细胞,取自ATP7B纯合突变患者和杂合突变患者,分化为肝细胞样细胞(hiHeps)。HiHeps也来自患有MEDNIK综合征的患者。
可以从胚胎和患者尿液细胞衍生的多能干细胞中产生在体内形成的类胆小管的极化hiHeps。HiHeps概括了极化的蛋白质运输过程,例如Cu2诱导的铜转运蛋白ATP7B重新分布到胆小管结构域。我们证明了,与当前的教条相反,最常见但最神秘的引起威尔逊病的ATP7B-H1069Q突变本身并不排除ATP7B转运至跨高尔基体网络.相反,它阻止了Cu2诱导的极化重新分布到胆小管结构域,这不能被药理折叠伴侣逆转。最后,我们证明了MEDNIK综合征患者的HiHeps,患有病因不明的肝铜超负荷,显示Cu2诱导的ATP7B向胆小管的再分布没有缺陷。
在患者多能干细胞来源的hiHeps中可以实现功能细胞极性,启用,第一次,内源性突变蛋白的研究,肝细胞极性是关键因素的疾病的患者特异性发病机制和药物反应。
这项研究表明,从尿液中分离的细胞可以在培养皿中重新编程为肝细胞,其表现出与完整肝脏中看到的相似的结构特征。将此方法应用于诊断患有遗传性铜代谢相关肝病的患者的细胞(即,Wilson病和MEDNIK综合征)揭示了对患者突变特异性疾病机制和药物反应的意外和新颖见解。
Hepatocyte polarity is essential for the development of bile canaliculi and for safely transporting bile and waste products from the liver. Functional studies of autologous mutated proteins in the context of the polarized hepatocyte have been challenging because of the lack of appropriate cell models. The aims of this
study were to obtain a patient-specific hepatocyte model that recapitulated hepatocyte polarity and to employ this model to
study endogenous mutant proteins in liver diseases that involve hepatocyte polarity.
Urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, taken from a patient with a homozygous mutation in ATP7B and a patient with a heterozygous mutation, were differentiated towards hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps). HiHeps were also derived from a patient with MEDNIK syndrome.
Polarized hiHeps that formed in vivo-like bile canaliculi could be generated from embryonic and patient urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells. HiHeps recapitulated polarized protein trafficking processes, exemplified by the Cu2+-induced redistribution of the copper transporter protein ATP7B to the bile canalicular domain. We demonstrated that, in contrast to the current dogma, the most frequent yet enigmatic Wilson disease-causing ATP7B-H1069Q mutation per se did not preclude trafficking of ATP7B to the trans-Golgi Network. Instead, it prevented its Cu2+-induced polarized redistribution to the bile canalicular domain, which could not be reversed by pharmacological folding chaperones. Finally, we demonstrate that hiHeps from a patient with MEDNIK syndrome, suffering from liver copper overload of unclear etiology, showed no defect in the Cu2+-induced redistribution of ATP7B to the bile canaliculi.
Functional cell polarity can be achieved in patient pluripotent stem cell-derived hiHeps, enabling, for the first time, the
study of the endogenous mutant proteins, patient-specific pathogenesis and drug responses for diseases where hepatocyte polarity is a key factor.
This
study demonstrates that cells that are isolated from urine can be reprogrammed in a dish towards hepatocytes that display architectural characteristics similar to those seen in the intact liver. The application of this methodology to cells from patients diagnosed with inherited copper metabolism-related liver diseases (that is, Wilson disease and MEDNIK syndrome) revealed unexpected and novel insights into patient mutation-specific disease mechanisms and drug responses.