饮食,特别是地中海饮食,在老年人群中,与更好的认知功能和更少的认知能力下降有关。
为了量化健康饮食的关联,通过坚持地中海饮食来定义,世界卫生组织的指导方针,或荷兰卫生委员会的饮食指南,从中年到老年,认知功能和认知能力下降。
来自Doetinchem队列研究,一项基于人口的大型纵向研究,3644名参与者(51%女性),基线年龄为45-75岁,包括在内。全球认知功能,记忆,处理速度,和认知灵活性以5-y的时间间隔进行评估,直至20-y随访。坚持地中海饮食是用改良的地中海饮食评分(mMDS)来衡量的,遵守世卫组织饮食指南和健康饮食指标(HDI),并遵守荷兰卫生委员会2015年饮食指南和修改后的2015年荷兰健康饮食指数(mDHD15指数)。饮食指数的得分按三元组(低,中等,高依从性)。线性混合模型用于通过坚持健康饮食来模拟认知功能的水平和变化。
mMDS的最高三分位数,HDI,mDHD15指数与最低三元指数相比,认知功能更好(P值<0.01),例如,在65岁时,在全球认知中,认知年龄等于2岁。此外,与最低三元相比,mMDS的最高三分位数,HDI,和mDHD15指数与从55岁到75岁的全球认知下降6-7%的速度有统计学意义,但处理速度的下降也较慢(mMDS:10%;95%CI:2,18%;mDHD15:12%;95%CI:6,21%)和认知灵活性(mDHD15:10%;95%CI:4,18%)。
更健康的饮食习惯,由更高的饮食指南依从性决定,从中年开始,与更好的认知功能和缓慢的认知衰退有关。
Diet, in particular the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with better cognitive function and less cognitive decline in older populations.
To quantify associations of a healthy diet, defined by adherence to either the Mediterranean diet, the WHO
guidelines, or Dutch Health Council dietary
guidelines, with cognitive function and cognitive decline from middle age into old age.
From the Doetinchem Cohort Study, a large population-based longitudinal study, 3644 participants (51% females) aged 45-75 y at baseline, were included. Global cognitive function, memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility were assessed at 5-y time intervals up to 20-y follow-up. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured with the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS), adherence to the WHO dietary
guidelines with the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), and adherence to the Dutch Health Council dietary
guidelines 2015 with the modified Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 index (mDHD15-index). The scores on the dietary indices were classified in tertiles (low, medium, high adherence). Linear mixed models were used to model level and change in cognitive function by adherence to healthy diets.
The highest tertiles of the mMDS, HDI, and mDHD15-index were associated with better cognitive function compared with the lowest tertiles (P values <0.01), for instance at age 65 y equal to being 2 y cognitively younger in global cognition. In addition, compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of the mMDS, HDI, and mDHD15-index were statistically significantly associated with 6-7% slower global cognitive decline from age 55 to 75 y, but also slower decline in processing speed (for mMDS: 10%; 95% CI: 2, 18%; for mDHD15: 12%; 95% CI: 6, 21%) and cognitive flexibility (for mDHD15: 10%; 95% CI: 4, 18%).
Healthier dietary habits, determined by higher adherence to dietary
guidelines, are associated with better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline with aging from middle age onwards.