霍乱是一种急性,由霍乱弧菌O1或139引起的腹泻病与高全球负担有关。
我们从现有的已发表的研究中分析了霍乱感染后免疫的估计持续时间。我们搜索了PubMed和WebofScience,以研究霍乱感染后的长期免疫力。我们确定了22项符合条件的研究,并将其归类为观察性,挑战,或血清学。
我们在观察和攻击研究中发现了感染后3年保护的有力证据。然而,血清学研究表明,体液标记物的潜在保护作用在1年内恢复到基线水平.此外,亚临床霍乱感染可能比临床霍乱提供更低的保护,正如3项研究表明的那样,尽管样本量很小,大多数因霍乱初次攻击而出现亚临床感染的参与者在接受同源生物型再次攻击时出现有症状的感染.
这篇综述强调了阐明临床和亚临床霍乱感染所提供保护的潜在差异的必要性。Further,有必要进行更多的研究来弥合保护和霍乱免疫之间的差距.了解霍乱自然免疫的持续时间可以帮助指导控制策略和政策。
Cholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 or 139 that is associated with a high global burden.
We analyzed the estimated duration of immunity following cholera infection from available published studies. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies of the long-term immunity following cholera infection. We identified 22 eligible studies and categorized them as either observational, challenge, or serological.
We found strong evidence of protection at 3 years after infection in observational and challenge studies. However, serological studies show that elevated humoral markers of potential correlates of protection returned to baseline within 1 year. Additionally, a subclinical cholera infection may confer lower protection than a clinical one, as suggested by 3 studies that found that, albeit with small sample sizes, most participants with a subclinical infection from an initial challenge with cholera had a symptomatic infection when rechallenged with a homologous biotype.
This
review underscores the need to elucidate potential differences in the protection provided by clinical and subclinical cholera infections. Further, more studies are warranted to bridge the gap between the correlates of protection and cholera immunity. Understanding the duration of natural immunity to cholera can help guide control strategies and policy.