口腔虚弱会导致身心健康障碍。先前的研究表明,虚弱与自我报告的咀嚼或吞咽困难之间存在关联。然而,他们的综合评估掩盖了他们对虚弱相关结局的具体影响.为了调查咀嚼或吞咽困难与1年虚弱结果之间的独立关联,同时也检查它们的相互作用。这项回顾性队列研究利用DeSC数据库来识别2014年4月至2022年11月期间接受健康检查的75岁以上的老年人。进行多变量Cox回归分析以评估自我报告的咀嚼或吞咽困难与结果之间的关联。包括吸入性肺炎导致的住院治疗,全因住院,1年内全因死亡率。还评估了咀嚼和吞咽困难之间的相互作用。在359,111名老年人中,39.0%报告口腔功能困难。仅吞咽困难就缺乏显着的结果关联。然而,仅咀嚼困难与吸入性肺炎导致的住院风险显著相关(风险比(HR),1.35;95%置信区间(CI),1.15-1.58;P<0.001),全因住院(HR,1.08;95%CI,1.05-1.11;P<0.001),和全因死亡率(HR,1.28;95%CI,1.14-1.44;P<0.001)与无自我报告困难相比。对于全因死亡率,自我报告的咀嚼困难和吞咽困难之间存在显着的正相互作用(P=0.009)。自我报告的咀嚼困难与吸入性肺炎导致的住院风险更高显著相关,全因住院,以及老年人的全因死亡率。咀嚼和吞咽困难显示出协同作用,显著增加全因死亡风险。
Oral frailty can contribute to physical and mental health disorders. Previous research has shown an association between frailty and self-reported difficulty in
chewing or swallowing. However, their combined assessment has obscured their specific impact on frailty-related outcomes. To investigate the independent associations between difficulty in
chewing or swallowing and 1-year frailty outcomes, while also examining their interactions. This retrospective cohort
study utilized the DeSC database to identify older adults aged ≥ 75 years who underwent health checkups between April 2014 and November 2022. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between self-reported difficulty in chewing or swallowing and outcomes, including hospitalization due to aspiration pneumonia, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause mortality within 1 year. Interactions between
chewing and swallowing difficulties were also evaluated. Among 359,111 older adults, 39.0% reported oral function difficulties. Swallowing difficulty alone lacked significant outcome association. However, chewing difficulty alone was significantly associated with higher risks of hospitalization due to aspiration pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-1.58; P < 0.001), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11; P < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.44; P < 0.001) compared with no self-reported difficulty. A significant positive interaction between self-reported difficulty in chewing and swallowing was observed for all-cause mortality (P = 0.009). Self-reported difficulty in
chewing was significantly associated with higher risks of hospitalization due to aspiration pneumonia, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause mortality among older adults. Chewing and swallowing difficulties showed a synergistic effect, significantly increasing all-cause mortality risk.