Tuberculosis can coexist with malignancy in the same organ, but cancer with TB in the cervix is rare. This is a case of cervical tuberculosis diagnosed in a cervical cancer patient after concurrent chemoradiotherapy and brachytherapy. This is the case of a 38-year-old G2P2 (2002) diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, large cell non-keratinizing cervix, Stage IIIB. The patient underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy and brachytherapy. One month after the last brachytherapy dose, the attending physician noted a nodularity on the anterior lip of the cervix. A cervical punch biopsy was done to rule out tumor persistence. The histopathology revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with Langhan\'s type multinucleated giant cells consistent with tuberculous infection. She was diagnosed with cervical tuberculosis, postulated to be from latent TB reactivation, and was given Anti-Koch\'s medication for six months. After receiving Anti-Koch\'s treatment, the cervical nodularity was no longer appreciated, and the rest of the cervix was smooth on palpation. Her Pap Test was negative for any intraepithelial lesion and was declared with no evidence of carcinoma. A possible latent TB infection should always be screened in cancer patients from high-burden areas or those with close contact treated for tuberculosis because immunosuppression during cancer treatment can cause the reactivation of tuberculous disease. Cervical tuberculosis complicating cervical malignancy is treatable with Anti-Koch\'s therapy and has not been shown to affect the course of the carcinoma.

•Cervical cancer plays a large role in morbidity and mortality for gynecologic cancer.•Most cases are involved with high-risk HPV, rare cases of low-risk HPV associated cancer exists.•Low risk HPV associated cervical cancers have increased difficulty in diagnosis.•No distinction exists in treatment between low and high risk HPV associated cervical cancer.

UNASSIGNED: Treatment of metastatic cervical cancer is a tricky issue. Currently, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommends chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Still, the recurrence rate is high and the survival rate is low after standard treatment. We urgently need to achieve a multimodal therapy approach for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.
UNASSIGNED: We report the case of a patient with stage IB2 cervical squamous carcinoma who developed multiple metastases within a short term after receiving first-line standard treatment, and she underwent interstitial brachytherapy after systemic therapy with an encouraging outcome. The patient developed suspected inguinal lymph node metastases after 9 months at the end of first-line therapy and multiple metastases in the inguinal lymph nodes, anterior abdominal wall, and right lung after 17 months. As the patient had residual inguinal lymph nodes after systemic therapy, she received 3D-printed template-guided interstitial brachytherapy to the inguinal lymph nodes and maintenance therapy. By Sep 2023, she had achieved a good treatment outcome with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 36 months.
UNASSIGNED: Based on our patient response, when multiple metastases develop in the short term in early-stage cervical squamous carcinoma after first-line therapy, we may consider implementing local therapy combined with systemic therapy.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a neurological disorder with an unknown aetiology, is characterised by visual impairment, headache, vomiting, seizures, and transient alterations in consciousness. Case report: We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with advanced cervical carcinoma who received second-line therapy with oral anlotinib (12 mg, days 1-14, every 21 days) and injectable tislelizumab (200 mg, day 1, every 21 days). After 7 days of anlotinib administration, she began experiencing symptoms suggestive of PRES and was diagnosed on day 11. Interruption of anlotinib and supportive treatment led to recovery of her binocular vision. The Naranjo score (+5) graded the causality of this reaction as probable, suggesting the possibility that the event may have been an adverse reaction to anlotinib. Ethics: This case report was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Reference no. K-2023-068, 2023/06/09). Informed consent was obtained from the patient and her family.

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Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are among the rarest and least studied histopathological types of cervical cancers, accounting for 1.4% of all cervical cancers. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix (NECCs) are aggressive tumors that can be associated with several high-risk features such as early lymphovascular invasion and multiple systemic metastases, at early stages. Here, we present a case series of five patients with NECC who have been diagnosed and managed at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Andhra Pradesh, South India. Using the hospital records, we made a list of patients with NECC who were diagnosed by histopathological findings between 2019 and 2022. Details regarding their demographic variables, presenting complaints, staging, and treatment given were noted down using a pre-defined proforma.

BACKGROUND: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of cervical carcinoma and is generally derived from a precancerous stage called cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Usually, the cancer metastasizes through lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination, but rarely spreads upward into the uterus. Here, we report a case of cervical HSIL extending into the endometrium and finally progressing to SCC in the uterine cavity.
METHODS: A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman visited our department and requested a routine cervical check-up. Four years ago, she had undergone a cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure because of HSIL found during the gynecological examination, and she had not been checked again since. This time, a relapse of the cervical HSIL was diagnosed along with uterine pyometra and endometrial polyps. After 2 wk of antibiotic treatment, a laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed, and the final pathological examination revealed that the cervical HSIL had spread directly upward into the uterine cavity, gradually developing into cervical SCC in the endometrium.
CONCLUSIONS: Cervical HSIL/SCC can directly spread upward into the uterus with the most common symptoms of pyometra and cervical stenosis. More attention should be given to the early detection and prevention of this disease.

UNASSIGNED: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) accounts for the most important route of metastasis for cervical cancer. Yet, the status of LNM is different in patients with similar clinico-pathological variables. It has been revealed that microRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and development of various malignancies, and the tumor-suppressive or promoting effects of microRNA-99 (miR-99) family have been previously reported. This study sought to investigate the predictive value of miR-99a for lymphogenous spread and its effect on the survival of patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer (CSCC).
UNASSIGNED: Patients with stage IB squamous cervical cancer who were treated surgically between October 2015 and November 2018 were enrolled. A total of 21 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of pathologically confirmed positive lymph nodes were retrieved, and an additional 21 tissues of negative lymph nodes from patients well-matched on baseline characteristics were collected as the control group. TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression levels of miR-99a in the samples. Differential expression levels of miR-99a were compared between the 2 groups using independent sample t-test. Furthermore, the associations between miR-99a expression level and clinico-pathological parameters of these 42 patients was evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher\'s exact-probability method, and their effects on survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier product-limit method.
UNASSIGNED: There were no significant differences in baseline clinico-pathological parameters between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The expression levels of miR-99a in the node-positive group and control group were 1.61±3.09 and 16.77±30.40, respectively (P=0.029). Downregulated expression of miR-99a was closely related to depth of invasion (DOI) and lymph-vascular space invasion (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that downregulated miR-99a and deeper DOI were associated with worse 5-year disease-free survival, while multivariate analysis showed that only the expression level of miR-99a was an independent factor for disease-free survival (HR =0.120; 95% CI: 0.015-0.979; P=0.048). Patients with downregulated miR-99a tended to have more unfavorable overall survival, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.
UNASSIGNED: MiR-99a plays an inhibitory role in the pathogenesis of lymph node metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with CSCC.

BACKGROUND: Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma (PSRCC) of the uterine cervix mostly occurs due to the metastasis from the primary organ, such as the gastrointestinal tract or breast. This case describes the cervical PSRCC and its management as a rare case.
METHODS: The 39-year-old female came to undergo cancer screening. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) examination result was negative with the feature of severe cervicitis, and then the patient was given Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) procedure. Three weeks after TCA\'s procedure, speculum examination found morphological features of cervix malignancy. Cervical biopsy examination showed mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell variant, with lymphovascular invasion. Endometrial microcurettage specimen do not contain tumor mass.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk factor for cervical cancer in this patient was early sexual intercourse. We suggested stage IB2 cervical cancer because the tumor size was 2 cm until 4 cm, there was no spreading to nearby lymph nodes nor distant sites. Then patient had performed a radical hysterectomy procedure with ovary transposition and a series of radiation therapy. The patient was in good condition and no metastases were found in the imaging study.
CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of PSRCC of the uterine cervix is challenging. It was established from intraoperative findings, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry examination. The radical hysterectomy adjunct to radiation was effective in the treatment of the PSRCC of the uterine cervix.

UNASSIGNED: Colonic tuberculosis may masquerade colonic carcinoma. Also, intestinal tuberculosis may mimic colonic carcinoma, Crohn\'s disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40 years female was diagnosed with cervical carcinoma FIGO Stage IIB underwent chemo-radiotherapy. She was symptom-free for a few months and then she developed right-sided abdominal pain and abdominal fullness for 4 months. She underwent a colonoscopy that showed ulcerative growth and friable tissue in hepatic flexure of colon and histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings suggested non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma. Then right standard hemicolectomy was performed and histopathology showed tuberculosis. The patient received medications for tuberculosis and the patient improved.
UNASSIGNED: Preoperatively suspected colonic carcinoma in developing countries (where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high) may sometimes come out as colonic tuberculosis in histopathology. The biopsy sample taken from colonoscopy was examined by histopathology, which showed nonspecific results, and the case was mistakenly thought of as colonic carcinoma preoperatively.
RESULTS: The case underwent right standard hemicolectomy and to the surprise, the excised specimen came out as tuberculosis. The patient received anti-tubercular drugs and the patient is symptomatically better.
UNASSIGNED: Colonic tuberculosis can mimic colonic carcinoma. Histopathology will confirm colonic tuberculosis and response to anti-tuberculosis drugs will verify the diagnosis. Though a patient undergoing chemotherapy may develop lymphoma, colonoscopic biopsy may not be conclusive. In any symptomatic patient with colonic stricture, surgery is the treatment of choice.