BACKGROUND: Immature teeth with necrotic pulps present multiple challenges to clinicians. In such cases, regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) may be a favorable strategy. Cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules are three key elements of REPs. Autologous human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) play an important role in pulp regeneration. In addition, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have recently been demonstrated as effective biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative dentistry, whereas the latest generation of APCs-concentrated growth factor (CGF), especially liquid phase CGF (LPCGF)-has rarely been reported in REPs.
METHODS: A 31-year-old woman presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of occlusion discomfort in the left mandibular posterior region for the past 5 years. Tooth #35 showed no pulp vitality and had a periodontal lesion, and radiographic examination revealed that the tooth exhibited extensive periapical radiolucency with an immature apex and thin dentin walls. REP was implemented via transplantation of autologous hDPCs with the aid of LPCGF. The periodontal lesion was managed with simultaneous periodontal surgery. After the treatment, the tooth was free of any clinical symptoms and showed positive results in thermal and electric pulp tests at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. At 12-month follow-up, radiographic evidence and three-dimensional models, which were reconstructed using Mimics software based on cone-beam computed tomography, synergistically confirmed bone augmentation and continued root development, indicating complete disappearance of the periapical radiolucency, slight lengthening of the root, evident thickening of the canal walls, and closure of the apex.
CONCLUSIONS: hDPCs combined with LPCGF represents an innovative and effective strategy for cell-based regenerative endodontics.

Aim: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe disability. Several clinical trials of stem-cell based therapies are ongoing. We describe our experience of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy in a patient with complete SCI in the chronic stage. Case report: A 25-year-old man with complete SCI at T6 level presented with paraplegia for 5 years. We transplanted autologous BMSCs intramedullary. After 12 months follow-up, his Barthel index score was noticeably improved from severe to moderate dependency, and the sensation level improved from T7 to S5, but no improvement of motor function. Conclusion: Autologous BMSCs are potentially safe for patients with complete SCI in the chronic stage and may improve neurological function and quality of life.

The first product in the world for ex vivo cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cell transplantation (COMET) to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), named Ocural®, was launched in June 2021 in Japan. COMET was performed on two patients, including the first case in the post-marketing phase of Ocural®. Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were also carried out using specimens obtained before and after COMET and the spare cell sheet. In case 1, the ocular surface remained free from epithelial defects for approximately six months. In case 2, although defect of the cornea-like epithelia was observed after COMET for one month, it was resolved after the insertion of lacrimal punctal plugs. In case 1, adjuvant treatment was interrupted due to an accident during the second month after COMET, resulting in conjunctival ingrowth and corneal opacity. Eventually, a lamellar keratoplasty was required at six months after COMET. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of markers for stem cells (p63, p75), proliferation (Ki-67), and differentiation (Keratin-3, -4, and -13) in both the cornea-like tissue after COMET and a cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet. In conclusion, Ocural® can be accomplished without major complications, and the stem cells derived from oral mucosa might be successfully engrafted.

Objective: The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome [EMS] is a rare myeloproliferative disorder which usually develops rapidly with chromosomal translocation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene. The gene has 15 fusion partners, including the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22. Of all the tests available, chromosome karyotype determination is the most important for the diagnosis of EMS. Here, we describe one case of a patient characterized by marked increase of white blood cells and thrombocytopenia and diagnosed as EMS with t(8;22)(p11;q11) by chromosome karyotype.Methods: 28-year-old man was referred to our hospital. He had a onemonth history of intermittent coughing and a small amount of expectoration after catching a cold. As an outpatient, his complete blood count showed: WBC was 130.04 × 109/L with 80.20% granulocytes.Hematologic investigations, bone marrow analysis and genomic DNA sequencing studies were performed.Results: Despite additional chromosomal abnormalities,the patient progressed rapidly with a B blast cell clone in one month. After diagnosis inthree months, the patient underwent the haplo-identical BMT of his brother, followed up for three years, and had a high rate of survival.Conclusions: Our report provides a definite conceptual framework for a better understanding of the characteristics of The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome [EMS].

This study describes a patient with an autograft-derived spinal cord mass following transplantation of olfactory mucosa for treatment of cervical spine injury. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old man who suffered a complete spinal cord injury (SCI) at C5-6 in 2001. The patient underwent an olfactory mucosal cell implantation at the location of injury 4 years following initial trauma. Twelve years later, the patient presented with rapidly progressive decline in upper-extremity function as well as neuropathic pain. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing intramedullary mass from C3 to C7. At surgery, the patient was found to have a posttransplant mucinous mass. Each mucinous cyst was drained and a portion of the cyst wall was removed. Histological examination demonstrated ciliated epithelium-lined fibrous tissue, submucosal glands, and mucoid material, consistent with a transplant-derived tumor. This case report both documents a rare long-term complication of olfactory mucosal cell transplantation and serves as a cautionary tale encouraging prudent use of novel treatments in a vulnerable population of patients with severe SCI.

UNASSIGNED: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become a global public health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, there are no satisfying antiviral medications and vaccines available.
UNASSIGNED: We reported the treatment process and clinical outcome of a 48-year-old man critically ill COVID-19 patient who received transfusion of allogenic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs).
UNASSIGNED: We proposed that UC-MSC transfusion might be a new option for critically ill COVID-19. Although only one case we were shown, more similar clinical cases are inquired for further evidence providing the potential effectiveness of UC-MSC treatment.

Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a chronic, autoimmune, subepidermal blistering disease with predominant mucosal involvement. In this article, we report a young patient with mucosal and extensive cutaneous involvement in the form of large erosions mimicking those of pemphigus vulgaris thus leading to diagnostic dilemma. We were unable to find any other previous reports with such extensive cutaneous erosions mimicking those of pemphigus vulgaris. Laminin 5 was the antigen found on knockout substrate testing. Antiepiligrin CP is a distinct subtype of CP with antibodies against laminin 5. This subtype is mostly associated with malignancy but no underlying malignancy was found in our case. Present report also highlights the importance of knockout substrate testing when immunoblot is not available.

Stem cell transplantation has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for premature ovarian failure (POF). However, to date, no quantitative data analysis of stem cell therapy for POF has been performed. Therefore, the present study performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in improving ovarian function in animal models of POF. In addition, a case report of a patient with POF subjected to stem cell treatment was included to demonstrate that stem cell therapy also contributes to the recovery of ovarian function in patients. Published studies were identified by a systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane\'s library databases, and references cited in associated reviews were also considered. Data regarding follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), ovarian weight, follicle count, the number of pregnancies and other parameters, including delivery route and cell type, were extracted. Pooled analysis, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed. In the case of POF, transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), abdominal ultrasound (TAS) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were performed to observe the endometrial morphology and blood flow signals in the patient. Overall, pooled results from 16 pre-clinical studies demonstrated that stem cell-based therapy significantly improved FSH levels [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.330; 95% confidence interval (CI), -(2.095-0.565); P=0.001], E2 levels (SMD=2.334; 95% CI, 1.350-3.319; P<0.001), ovarian weight (SMD=1.310; 95% CI, 0.157-2.463; P=0.026), follicle count (SMD=1.871; 95% CI, 1.226-2.516; P<0.001), and the number of pregnancies (risk ratio=1.715, 95% CI, 1.213-2.424; P=0.002). The results of TVS and TAS demonstrated improved ovarian size and endometrial thickness in the patient with POF after MSC treatment. Of note, a rich blood flow signal in the endometrium was observed on CDFI. It appeared that stem cell-based therapy may be an effective method for the resumption of ovarian function in a patient and in animal models of POF; however, large-scale and high-quality future studies are required to confirm the present findings due to heterogeneity.

Upon orthognathic mandibular advancement surgery the adjacent soft tissues can displace the distal bone segment and increase the load on the temporomandibular joint causing loss of its integrity. Remodeling of the condyle and temporal fossa with destruction of condylar cartilage and subchondral bone leads to postsurgical condylar resorption, with arthralgia and functional limitations. Patients with severe lesions are refractory to conservative treatments, leading to more invasive therapies that range from simple arthrocentesis to open surgery and prosthesis. Although aggressive and with a high risk for the patient, surgical invasive treatments are not always efficient in managing the degenerative lesions.
We propose a regenerative medicine approach using in-vitro expanded autologous cells from nasal septum applied to the first proof-of-concept patient. After the required quality controls, the cells were injected into each joint by arthrocentesis. Results were monitored by functional assays and image analysis using computed tomography.
The cell injection fully reverted the condylar resorption, leading to functional and structural regeneration after 6 months. Computed tomography images showed new cortical bone formation filling the former cavity space, and a partial recovery of condylar and temporal bones. The superposition of the condyle models showed the regeneration of the bone defect, reconstructing the condyle original form.
We propose a new treatment of condylar resorption subsequent to orthognathic surgery, presently treated only by alloplastic total joint replacement. We propose an intra-articular injection of autologous in-vitro expanded cells from the nasal septum. The proof-of-concept treatment of a selected patient that had no alternative therapeutic proposal has given promising results, reaching full regeneration of both the condylar cartilage and bone at 6 months after the therapy, which was fully maintained after 1 year. This first case is being followed by inclusion of new patients with a similar pathological profile to complete an ongoing stage I/II study.
This clinical trial is approved by the National Commission of Ethics in Medical Research (CONEP), Brazil, CAAE 12484813.0.0000.5245, and retrospectively registered in the Brazilian National Clinical Trials Registry and in the USA Clinical Trials Registry under the Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1194-6997 .

Persistent hypoparathyroidism, a condition associated with major inconvenience and potential morbidity, is more difficult to treat than other hypofunctional endocrine disorders. Therapeutic alternative in severe postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is allotransplantation of macroencapsulated parathyroid cells. With this technique, it is possible to implant cells or tissues of parathyroid origin to replace them in such patients without immunosuppression. At the present time, durable results have only been reported in parathyroid allotransplantation when immunosuppression to prevent rejection is administered. We report an allotransplant of parathyroid cells in a patient with continuous endovenous requirement of calcium to survive. Macrocapsule containing ~(20 to 30)x106 parathyroid cells was constructed with a polyvinylidine difluoride and implanted into the deep femoral artery. The functional activity of the graft, traced for 3 months, allowed to exclude the parenteral administration of calcium and to compensate symptoms of the disease.
UNASSIGNED: There have been no more than 3 previous clinical reports of similar parathyroid cell allotransplantation without immunosuppression.