■将自然主义的围栏设计和动物福利与游客的兴趣和教育相结合,对于动物园和野生动物公园来说可能是一个挑战。为了实现这两个目的,不同类型的富集(食品类或非食品类物品,如环境、感官,认知,社会)可以使用。本研究的目的是调查食物和嗅觉富集对围栏使用的影响,行为,和圈养棕熊(Ursusarctos)的能见度,松树马丁(Martesmartes),家养雪貂(Mustelaputoriusfuro),和金jack狼(Canisaureus)。
■我们使用观测方法来测量外壳的使用,行为,和能见度在三个不同的实验阶段:(1)预富集(基线,还没有丰富的经验),(2)在浓缩期间(在游客容易看到的围栏中的低频率位置提供浓缩),和(3)富集后(从外壳中去除富集)。
■我们发现富集导致了外壳的统一使用,并增强了棕熊的可见度,增加松树貂的活动预算,并在两个物种中观察到高度的物体相互作用。在家养雪貂中未检测到富集的影响。在整个观察期间,金jack狼在白天没有离开洞穴;因此,观察是不可能的。我们的结果表明,以食物为基础的富集效果不同,例如,外壳使用,时间活动模式,动物的可见度然而,进一步的研究应该控制所涉及因素的具体作用。我们的研究代表了在研究不足的物种中进行基于食物的富集的首批探索之一。
Combining naturalistic enclosure design and animal welfare with visitor interests and education can be challenging for zoos and wildlife parks. To accomplish both purposes, different types of enrichment (food-based or non-food-based items, such as environmental, sensory, cognitive, social) can be used. The aim of the present
study is to investigate the effect of food-based and olfactory enrichments on enclosure use, behavior, and visibility of captive brown bears (Ursus arctos), pine martens (Martes martes), domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), and golden jackals (Canis aureus).
We used observational approaches to measure enclosure use, behavior, and visibility during three different experimental phases: (1) pre-enrichment (baseline, no experience with the enrichment yet), (2) during enrichment (enrichment was provided at low frequented locations in the enclosures that are easily visible to visitors), and (3) post-enrichment (enrichment was removed from the enclosures).
We found that enrichment led to a uniform use of the enclosure and enhanced visibility in brown bears, increased activity budgets in pine martens, and observed high object interaction in both species. No effects of enrichment were detected in domestic ferrets. Golden jackals did not leave their burrows during daytime during the entire observation period; thus, observations were not possible at all. Our results suggest different effects of food-based enrichment, e.g., enclosure use, temporal activity patterns, and animal visibility. However, further studies should control for the specific role of the factors involved. Our
study represents one of the first explorations of food-based enrichment in rather understudied species.