UNASSIGNED:在东地中海的陆地古环境中,对Miocene气候最佳(MCO)的认可仅限于莱斯博斯岛和莱姆诺斯群岛,希腊。该地区对其木质微化石具有重要意义。最近发现的来自Gökçeada(Imbros)岛的木材化石组合,土耳其,包括类似于希腊发现的树种,被认为是早期的世纪之交。这里,我们修改了后一种植物化石的年龄,重新评估MCO研究东地中海陆地古生态系统的区域,以及有关化石木材发生的命名错误。我们使用详细的解剖学描述介绍了植物-昆虫-环境的相互作用,在次生木质部观察到的已灭绝的针叶树及其已灭绝的形成层矿工的摄食痕迹。
UNASSIGNED:从硅化木材的一小部分用标准的古木学技术制备三个薄切片;在光学显微镜下观察切片。将针叶树的解剖结构及其破坏模式与现存的和化石的柏科和Agromyzidae进行了比较,分别。
UNASSIGNED:所研究的木材标本和大叶Hespercyparpa(Hartw。)Bartel和XanthocyparisvietnamensisFarjon&T.H的共同特征(跨场坑的数量-我们认为具有诊断价值的特征)。Nguy沿导致将其分配给Hespercyparis-Xanthocyparis-Callitropsis进化枝。伤口疤痕和解剖异常的详细研究,解剖-环境关联,和结构功能反应遵循木材的解剖学传感器Carlquist的鉴定提供了决定性的结果。
UNASSIGNED:基于所提出的独特特征,我们确定我们的大化石是Grambast,叶枯草属-黄藻属-Callitropsisnootkatensis进化枝的茎或已灭绝的谱系,具有原藻属(双翅目:Agromyzidae)的化石形成层矿工的摄食痕迹,以及不定芽的解剖损伤和反应组织。重新评估了来自地中海东部的Protopinaceae和PinoxylonF.H.Knowlton的使用,并提供了更正。在Gökçeada研究的植物化石地区的年龄被修订为上世纪中期,允许地中海东部MCO热点的提议,包括莱斯博斯,Lemnos,和Gökçeada(因布罗斯)群岛。
The recognition of the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) in terrestrial palaeoenvironments of the Eastern Mediterranean is restricted to Lesbos and Lemnos Islands, Greece. This area is significant for its wood microfossils. A recently-discovered fossil wood assemblage from Gökçeada (Imbros) Island, Turkey, including tree species similar to the Greek findings, is thought to have an early Miocene age. Here, we revise the age of the latter plant fossiliferous locality, re-evaluate the area for the
study of MCO for the terrestrial palaeoecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean and the nomenclature errors referring to the occurrence of fossil wood. We present the plant-insect-environment interactions using detailed anatomical descriptions, of an extinct conifer and its extinct
cambium miner feeding traces observed in its secondary xylem.
Three thin sections were prepared with standard palaeoxylotomical techniques from a small section of the silicified wood; the sections were observed under a light microscope. The anatomy of the conifer and its damage patterns were compared with those of extant and fossil Cupressaceae and Agromyzidae, respectively.
The common anatomical features of the studied wood specimen and Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel and a shared characteristic (the number of the cross-field pits - a feature we consider of diagnostic value) with Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & T.H. Nguyên led to its assignment to the Hesperocyparis-Xanthocyparis-Callitropsis clade. The detailed
study of the wound scars and anatomical abnormalities, the anatomical-environmental associations, and structural-functional reactions follow the identification of the wood\'s anatomy sensu Carlquist providing decisive results.
Based on the distinctive characteristics presented, we identify our macrofossil as Cupressinoxylon matromnense Grambast, a stem or an extinct lineage of the Hesperocyparis-Xanthocyparis vietnamensis-Callitropsis nootkatensis clade with feeding traces of the fossil
cambium miner of the genus Protophytobia Süss (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and anatomical damage and reaction tissue on adventitious shoots. The use of Protopinaceae and Pinoxylon F. H. Knowlton from the eastern Mediterranean are re-evaluated and corrections are provided. The age of the studied plant fossiliferous locality in Gökçeada is revised as middle Miocene, allowing the proposal of an eastern Mediterranean MCO hotspot, including Lesbos, Lemnos, and Gökçeada (Imbros) Islands.