目的:孕妇超重和母乳喂养似乎对肠道菌群定植过程有显著影响,与大脑发育和“微生物群-肠-脑轴”的建立同时发生,这可能会影响以后生活中的行为。这项研究旨在检查孕妇超重的影响,肥胖和/或妊娠糖尿病对3.5岁时后代行为的影响及其与18个月后肠道微生物群的关联已经建立。
方法:156名超重儿童(OV,n=45),肥胖(OB,n=40)和正常重量(西北,n=71)参与PREOBE研究的孕妇包括在当前分析中。在18个月的生命中收集粪便样品,并通过16SrRNA基因测序获得肠道微生物组。通过使用儿童行为清单(CBCL)评估3.5岁时的行为问题。方差分析,卡方检验,ANCOVA,斯皮尔曼的相关性,采用logistic回归模型和广义线性模型(GLM)。
结果:在3.5岁时,OV/OB母亲所生的孩子在行为问题上的得分高于西北母亲所生的孩子。此外,患有妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的OB母亲所生的后代在注意力/缺陷多动症和外化问题方面的得分高于GDMOV/NW母亲所生的后代。在18个月大时发现的镰刀菌丰度与总分较低有关,内化和普遍的发展问题,虽然梭菌和Flavonibractor家族中的一个身份不明的属与焦虑/抑郁和躯体不适呈正相关,分别。另一方面,母乳喂养的BMI较高的母亲所生的孩子焦虑升高,内化问题,将问题和总问题分数外化;同样,他们在18月龄时的肠道微生物群组成与3.5岁时的行为问题呈正相关:放线菌丰度和躯体不适,以及镰状菌丰度和退缩行为与普遍发育问题之间的正相关。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,妊娠期OV/OB和/或GDM与3.5岁儿童的行为问题评分较高有关。此外,还发现了儿童早期肠道菌群组成与后期心理健康之间的关联。
OBJECTIVE: Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the \"microbiota-gut-brain axis\", which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This
study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life.
METHODS: 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE
study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (
CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman\'s correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed.
RESULTS: At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.