Second-degree burns are the most common type of burns in clinical practice and hard to manage. The treatment needs not only to consider the possible different effects of dressing change or surgical treatment itself, but also requires the evaluation of many factors such as burn site, ages of patients, and burn area. At present, there are no unified standards or specifications for the surgical procedures of wound treatment, as well as infection diagnosis and grading of second-degree burn wounds, which seriously affects the formulation of clinical treatment plans. The consensus writing group developed the Expert consensus on the treatment of second-degree burn wounds (2024 edition) Ⅱ: surgical treatment and infection prevention and treatment based on evidence-based medical evidence and combined with expert opinion. This expert consensus put forward 29 specific recommendations from two aspects: surgical treatment and infection prevention and treatment of second-degree burn wounds, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan for second-degree burns.
Ⅱ度烧伤是临床中最为常见但处理十分棘手的烧伤类型，其治疗不仅需要考虑换药或手术处置方式本身可能产生的不同影响，还需评估烧伤部位、患者年龄及烧伤面积等多方面的因素。目前对于Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗的手术方式以及感染诊断、分级等尚未形成统一的标准和规范，严重影响临床治疗方案的制订。本共识编写组以循证医学证据为基础，结合专家意见，制订《Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗专家共识（2024版）Ⅱ：手术治疗和感染防治》。本共识从Ⅱ度烧伤创面的手术治疗及感染防治2个方面提出29条具体推荐意见，旨在形成规范化的Ⅱ度烧伤临床治疗方案。.

Second-degree burns are the most common type of burn in clinical practice and hard to manage. Their treatment requires not only a consideration of the different outcomes that may arise from the dressing changes or surgical therapies themselves but also an evaluation of factors such as the burn site, patient age and burn area. Meanwhile, special attention should be given to the fact that there is no unified standard or specification for the diagnosis, classification, surgical procedure, and infection diagnosis and grading of second-degree burn wounds. This not only poses great challenges to the formulation of clinical treatment plans but also significantly affects the consistency of clinical studies. Moreover, currently, there are relatively few guidelines or expert consensus for the management of second-degree burn wounds, and no comprehensive and systematic guidelines or specifications for the treatment of second-degree burns have been formed. Therefore, we developed the Consensus on the Treatment of Second-Degree Burn Wounds (2024 edition), based on evidence-based medicine and expert opinion. This consensus provides specific recommendations on prehospital first aid, nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment and infection treatment for second-degree burns. The current consensus generated a total of 58 recommendations, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan.

Second-degree burn is the most common type of burns in clinical practice and hard to manage. At present, there is no unified standard or specification for the first aid, diagnosis, classification, manner of conservative dressing change, and choice of external dressings or medications for second-degree burn wounds, which significantly affects the formulation of clinical treatment plans and the consistency of clinical studies. The consensus writing group developed the Expert consensus on the treatment of second-degree burn wounds (2024 edition)Ⅰ: pre-hospital first aid and non-surgical treatment based on evidence-based medicine evidence and expert opinion. This expert consensus put forward 29 specific recommendations from 2 aspects: pre-hospital first aid and non-surgical treatment for second-degree burn wounds, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan for second-degree burn wounds.
Ⅱ度烧伤是临床中最为常见但处理十分棘手的烧伤类型。目前关于Ⅱ度烧伤创面的急救、诊断、分类、保守换药的方式、外用敷料或药物的选择等尚未形成统一的标准和规范，严重影响临床治疗方案的制订及临床研究开展的一致性。本共识编写组以循证医学证据为基础，结合专家意见，制订《Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗专家共识（2024版）Ⅰ：院前急救和非手术治疗》。本共识从Ⅱ度烧伤创面的早期急救和非手术治疗2个方面提出29条具体推荐意见，旨在形成规范的Ⅱ度烧伤创面临床治疗方案。.

The treatment of burn injury patients is a unique challenge for clinicians. The extent of thermal injuries ranges from very small burns to life-threatening burn injuries. Insufficient treatment can result in a substantial impairment in the quality of life. In order to avoid such sequelae a targeted treatment must be carried out. A precise diagnosis determines the necessary treatment. Superficial second-degree burns (2a) not involving the face, hand or joints with a total body surface area smaller than 10% can usually be treated with modern wound dressings in an outpatient setting. Deep second-degree burns (2b) are an indication for debridement. In addition to the classical surgical procedures with tangential excision, enzymatic debridement can also be employed. Similarly, indeterminate burns (2a/2b) are also considered to be an indication for enzymatic debridement. Third-degree burns are treated with early debridement and skin grafting. These patients can also benefit from special dermal replacement procedures for an improvement of the functional and esthetic results. Due to the long-term visible sequelae of burns, aftercare of these patients is indicated.
UNASSIGNED: Die Behandlung brandverletzter Patienten stellt eine herausfordernde Tätigkeit dar. Das Ausmaß der thermischen Verletzung reicht von kleinsten Verbrennungen bis zu lebensbedrohlichen Brandverletzungen. Eine unzureichende Behandlung kann eine erhebliche Einschränkung der Lebensqualität nach sich ziehen. Zur Vermeidung solcher Folgen muss eine zielgerichtete Behandlung erfolgen. Die Diagnosestellung gibt die Behandlung vor. Oberflächlich zweitgradige Verbrennungen (2a) mit einer Fläche kleiner als 10 % Körperoberfläche (KOF), die weder Gesicht, Hände oder gelenkübergreifend sind, können in der Regel mit modernen Wundauflagen ambulant behandelt werden. Tief zweitgradige Wunden (2b) stellen eine Indikation zum Débridement dar. Neben dem klassischen chirurgischen Verfahren mit tangentialer Exzision, wird hierfür auch das enzymatische Débridement eingesetzt. Auch nicht klar zuzuordnende Wunden (2a/2b) stellen eine Indikation für das enzymatische Débridement dar. Die drittgradige Verbrennung bedarf nach dem zeitnahen Débridement einer Hautransplantation. Zudem können für diese Patienten spezielle Hautersatzverfahren zur Verbesserung des funktionellen und ästhetischen Ergebnisses zur Anwendung kommen. Aufgrund der langfristig sichtbaren Folgen einer Verbrennung ist eine Nachsorge dieses Patientengutes indiziert.

This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) addresses the topic of acute fluid resuscitation during the first 48 hours following a burn injury for adults with burns ≥20% of the total body surface area (%TBSA). The listed authors formed an investigation panel and developed clinically relevant PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions. A systematic literature search returned 5978 titles related to this topic and after 3 levels of screening, 24 studies met criteria to address the PICO questions and were critically reviewed. We recommend that clinicians consider the use of human albumin solution, especially in patients with larger burns, to lower resuscitation volumes and improve urine output. We recommend initiating resuscitation based on providing 2 mL/kg/% TBSA burn in order to reduce resuscitation fluid volumes. We recommend selective monitoring of intra-abdominal and intraocular pressure during burn shock resuscitation. We make a weak recommendation for clinicians to consider the use of computer decision support software to guide fluid titration and lower resuscitation fluid volumes. We do not recommend the use of transpulmonary thermodilution-derived variables to guide burn shock resuscitation. We are unable to make any recommendations on the use of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), early continuous renal replacement therapy, or vasopressors as adjuncts during acute burn shock resuscitation. Mortality is an important outcome in burn shock resuscitation, but it was not formally included as a PICO outcome because the available scientific literature is missing studies of sufficient population size and quality to allow us to confidently make recommendations related to the outcome of survival at this time.

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Burns are the leading cause of accidental injuries among Chinese children. Due to the strong wound repair ability and the demand for growth and development in pediatric patients, there are many options for the treatment of deep partial-thickness burn wounds in pediatric patients, while many controversies about the strategies for treatment of this kind of wounds also exist. This article assembled the consensus reached by experts in burns and relevant fields in China and abroad on the management of thermal-induced deep partial-thickness burn wounds in pediatric patients aged 1-6 years, including definition and diagnosis, surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment, wound dressings, application of growth factors, treatment of infectious wounds, prevention and treatment of scar, to provide guiding recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of deep partial-thickness burn wounds in pediatric patients in China.
烧伤是我国儿童意外伤害的主要原因。因儿童创面修复能力强及生长发育的需求，儿童深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗选择较多，有关该类创面治疗策略的争议也较多。该文集合了国内外烧伤及相关领域专家，针对热力学因素所致的1~6岁儿童深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的处理，在定义与诊断、手术治疗、非手术治疗、创面覆盖物、生长因子应用、感染性创面的治疗、瘢痕防治等方面形成共识，以期为我国儿童深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的诊疗提供指导性建议。.

Hot crush injury is a kind of damage with high disability rate. Although some experience has been accumulated in diagnosis and treatment of hot crush injury over the years, its treatment is often not standardized and difficult to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect due to insufficient understanding of the particularity of hot crush injury wounds. In order to standardize the treatment of hot crush injury wounds and improve the treatment effect of hot crush injury wounds and the life quality of patients, the Burns and Trauma Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society, Branch of Burn and Trauma Wound Repair Materials of Chinese Society of Biomaterials, and Wound Repair Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association have reached a consensus on the causes, types, wound treatment, and precautions of hot crush injury based on the current situation and clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of hot crush injury at home and abroad. It would provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of hot crush injury wounds.
热压伤是一种致残率相当高的损伤，尽管多年来逐渐积累了一些热压伤诊治经验，但由于对热压伤创面的特殊性认识不足，治疗往往不规范，难以达到较佳的治疗效果。为规范热压伤创面治疗，提高热压伤创面的治疗效果和患者生存质量，中国老年医学学会烧创伤分会、中国生物材料学会烧创伤创面修复材料分会和中国医师协会创面修复专业委员会根据国内外热压伤诊疗现状和临床经验，在热压伤的致伤原因、损伤类型、创面处理及注意事项等方面形成共识，为热压伤创面的临床诊治提供参考。.

The treatment of burn injury patients is a unique challenge for clinicians. The extent of thermal injuries ranges from very small burns to life-threatening burn injuries. Insufficient treatment can result in a substantial impairment in the quality of life. In order to avoid such sequelae a targeted treatment must be carried out. A precise diagnosis determines the necessary treatment. Superficial second-degree burns (2a) not involving the face, hand or joints with a total body surface area smaller than 10% can usually be treated with modern wound dressings in an outpatient setting. Deep second-degree burns (2b) are an indication for debridement. In addition to the classical surgical procedures with tangential excision, enzymatic debridement can also be employed. Similarly, indeterminate burns (2a/2b) are also considered to be an indication for enzymatic debridement. Third-degree burns are treated with early debridement and skin grafting. These patients can also benefit from special dermal replacement procedures for an improvement of the functional and esthetic results. Due to the long-term visible sequelae of burns, aftercare of these patients is indicated.
UNASSIGNED: Die Behandlung brandverletzter Patienten stellt eine herausfordernde Tätigkeit dar. Das Ausmaß der thermischen Verletzung reicht von kleinsten Verbrennungen bis zu lebensbedrohlichen Brandverletzungen. Eine unzureichende Behandlung kann eine erhebliche Einschränkung der Lebensqualität nach sich ziehen. Zur Vermeidung solcher Folgen muss eine zielgerichtete Behandlung erfolgen. Die Diagnosestellung gibt die Behandlung vor. Oberflächlich zweitgradige Verbrennungen (2a) mit einer Fläche kleiner als 10 % Körperoberfläche (KOF), die weder Gesicht, Hände oder gelenkübergreifend sind, können in der Regel mit modernen Wundauflagen ambulant behandelt werden. Tief zweitgradige Wunden (2b) stellen eine Indikation zum Débridement dar. Neben dem klassischen chirurgischen Verfahren mit tangentialer Exzision, wird hierfür auch das enzymatische Débridement eingesetzt. Auch nicht klar zuzuordnende Wunden (2a/2b) stellen eine Indikation für das enzymatische Débridement dar. Die drittgradige Verbrennung bedarf nach dem zeitnahen Débridement einer Hautransplantation. Zudem können für diese Patienten spezielle Hautersatzverfahren zur Verbesserung des funktionellen und ästhetischen Ergebnisses zur Anwendung kommen. Aufgrund der langfristig sichtbaren Folgen einer Verbrennung ist eine Nachsorge dieses Patientengutes indiziert.