益生菌,postbiotics,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)具有抗抑郁作用。然而,多巴胺能通路的潜在机制尚不清楚.本研究调查了以下假设:益生菌和postbiotics结合n-3PUFA通过调节大脑-肠轴的多巴胺能途径协同改善抑郁症。大鼠随机分为7组:非慢性轻度应激(CMS)与n-6PUFA,和带有n-6PUFA的CMS,n-3PUFA,益生菌,postbiotics,益生菌联合n-3PUFA,和与n-3PUFA联用的postbiotics。益生菌,postbiotics,n-3PUFA改善了抑郁行为,干扰素-γ的血液浓度降低,白细胞介素-1β,并增加大脑和肠道中短链脂肪酸和多巴胺的浓度。此外,益生菌,postbiotics,n-3PUFA增加了糖皮质激素受体和酪氨酸羟化酶的脑和肠道表达;l型氨基酸转运蛋白1和多巴胺受体(DR)D1的脑表达;以及DRD2的肠道表达。脑中磷酸化蛋白激酶A/蛋白激酶A和磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白的表达增加,然而,通过补充益生菌在肠道中减少,postbiotics,和n-3PUFA。益生菌和益生菌联合n-3PUFA对血液中的抑郁行为和多巴胺能通路有协同作用,大脑,和直觉。此外,益生菌和益生菌之间的多巴胺能途径没有显着差异。总之,益生菌和益生菌,在暴露于CMS的大鼠中,与n-3PUFA结合对通过脑-肠轴的多巴胺能途径具有协同抗抑郁样作用。
Probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have antidepressant-like effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic pathway are unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that probiotics and postbiotics combined with n-3 PUFA synergistically improve depression by modulating the dopaminergic pathway through the brain-gut axis. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups: non-chronic mild stress (CMS) with n-6 PUFA, and CMS with n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, probiotics, postbiotics, probiotics combined with n-3 PUFA, and postbiotics combined with n-3 PUFA. Probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 PUFA improved depressive behaviors, decreased blood concentrations of interferon-γ, and interleukin-1β, and increased the brain and gut concentrations of short chain fatty acids and dopamine. Moreover, probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 PUFA increased the brain and gut expression of glucocorticoid receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase; brain expression of l-type amino acid transporter 1 and dopamine receptor (DR) D1; and gut expression of DRD2. The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A/protein kinase A and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein/cAMP response element-binding protein increased in the brain, however, decreased in the gut by the supplementation of probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 PUFA. There was synergistic effect of probiotics and postbiotics combined with n-3 PUFA on the depressive behaviors and dopaminergic pathway in blood, brain, and gut. Moreover, no significant difference in the dopaminergic pathways between the probiotics and postbiotics was observed. In conclusion, probiotics and postbiotics, combined with n-3 PUFA have synergistic antidepressant-like effects on the dopaminergic pathway through the brain-gut axis in rats exposed to CMS.