这篇综述概述了有关后置椎弓根内骨锚的专利文献。传统的椎弓根螺钉是在脊柱融合术中固定的黄金标准,但可能缺乏固定强度。尤其是骨质疏松的骨骼。人口老龄化需要具有增强的固定强度的新的骨锚。可以安全放置,and,如有必要,可以在不损伤周围组织的情况下移除。
使用Espacenet专利数据库中的分类检索进行专利检索。只有与脊柱定位器和稳定器有关的A61B17/70或A61B17/7001合作专利分类的专利才有资格纳入。搜索查询结果识别了731项专利。根据预设的纳入标准,共包括56项关于不同锚固方法的独特专利,在这项研究中进行了回顾和分类。
确定了五种独特的固定方法;(1)使用螺纹的锚,(2)使用穿过椎骨的弯曲路径的锚,(3)(部分)扩张的锚,(4)使用水泥的锚固件和(5)设计用于引发骨向内生长的锚固件。在这项研究中包括的锚设计中,八个有相应的商业产品,其中6项在临床试验中进行了评估.
这篇综述提供了对全球专利椎弓根内骨锚的见解,这些骨锚旨在与传统椎弓根螺钉相比提高固定强度。确定的锚固方法及其工作原理可用于临床决策,并在设计新型骨锚时作为灵感来源。
This
review provides an overview of the patent literature on posteriorly placed intrapedicular bone anchors. Conventional pedicle screws are the gold standard to create a fixation in the vertebra for spinal fusion surgery but may lack fixation strength, especially in osteoporotic bone. The ageing population demands new bone anchors that have an increased fixation strength, that can be placed safely, and, if necessary, can be removed without damaging the surrounding tissue.
The patent search was conducted using a classification search in the Espacenet patent database. Only patents with a Cooperative Patent Classification of A61B17/70 or A61B17/7001 concerning spinal positioners and stabilizers were eligible for inclusion. The search query resulted in the identification of 731 patents. Based on preset inclusion criteria, a total of 56 unique patents on different anchoring methods were included, reviewed and categorized in this study.
Five unique fixation methods were identified; (1) anchors that use threading, (2) anchors that utilize a curved path through the vertebra, (3) anchors that (partly) expand, (4) anchors that use cement and (5) anchors that are designed to initiate bone ingrowth. Of the anchor designs included in this study, eight had a corresponding commercial product, six of which were evaluated in clinical trials.
This
review provides insights into worldwide patented intrapedicular bone anchors that aim to increase the fixation strength compared to the conventional pedicle screw. The identified anchoring methods and their working principles can be used for clinical decision-making and as a source of inspiration when designing novel bone anchors.