BACKGROUND: Desmoid tumor (DT) is a rare soft tissue tumor that can occur anywhere in the body. Abdominal wall DT presents unique clinical challenges due to its distinctive manifestations, treatment modalities, and the lack of biomarkers for diagnosis and recurrence prediction, making clinical decisions exceedingly complex.
METHODS: A 32-year-old female who underwent radical resection combined with patch reinforcement for rectus abdominis DT, successfully alleviating abdominal discomfort, with no recurrence during the 6-month follow-up after surgery.
METHODS: Based on the imaging studies and medical history, the patient underwent radical surgical resection. Histopathology reveals that the tumor cells predominantly composed of proliferative fibroblasts with local collagen deposition. The lesional cells show positive staining for β-catenin, indicating a diagnosis of DT.
METHODS: The patient underwent radical surgical resection with patch reinforcement to repair the abdominal wall defect. Pathology confirmed negative margins, achieving an R0 resection, and genetic testing identified a T41A mutation in CTNNB1. Consequently, no additional adjuvant therapy was administered postoperatively.
RESULTS: The patient was discharged with the incision healing well after 3 days postoperation. Upon reexamination 6 months later, no recurrence or adverse complications were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal wall DT treatment requires personalized plans from multidisciplinary team discussions. Genetic testing plays a crucial role in identifying novel biomarkers for abdominal wall DT. We have once again demonstrated the significant clinical significance of CTNNB1 mutations in the diagnosis and progression of abdominal wall DT. Additionally, genes such as CCND1, CYP3A4, SLIT1, RRM1, STIM1, ESR2, UGT1A1, among others, may also be closely associated with the progression of abdominal wall DT. Future research should delve deeper into and systematically evaluate the precise impact of these genetic mutations on treatment selection and prognosis for abdominal wall DT, in order to better guide patient management and treatment decisions.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor known for its locally aggressive properties. Intra-abdominal AF primarily occurs in the small intestine mesentery, ileocolic mesocolon, omentum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis, and rarely originates from the intestinal wall. Here, we report a rare case of small bowel obstruction caused by duodenum-derived AF with β-catenin (CTNNB1) T41A mutation.
METHODS: A 35-year-old male had a 4-month history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which gradually worsened over time.
METHODS: Based on the results of CT examination, histopathology and Sanger sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction caused by duodenum-derived AF.
METHODS: Due to the extensive adhesion between the tumor and surrounding tissue, it is extremely challenging to completely remove the tumor through surgical resection with negative margins in this case. In order not to damage the function of surrounding vital organs, gastrojejunostomy was performed to relieve the symptoms of small bowel obstruction.
RESULTS: The patient experienced a successful recovery. It is important to note that this patient is still at risk of local recurrence and requires regular follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: The best treatment should be taken based on the individual patient to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Moreover, histopathology plays a crucial role in diagnosing and differentiating duodenum-derived AF. The detection of mutations in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 has become strong evidence for diagnosing duodenum-derived AF.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic carcinoma with dentinoid (OCD) is a rare and controversial entity, which has not yet been included in the current World Health Organization classification of odontogenic lesions. Owing to the small number of reported cases, the clinicopathological characteristics, biological behavior, prognosis, and appropriate treatment strategies for OCD remain to be defined. Herein, we present an additional case of OCD with a focus on the differential diagnosis and review of the pertinent literature, in order to enable better recognition by oral clinicians and pathologists and further characterization of this entity.
METHODS: This paper reports a case of OCD in the posterior mandible of a 22-year-old female. Radiography showed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with radiopaque materials. The intraoperative frozen section pathology gave a non-committed diagnosis of odontogenic neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential. Then a partial mandibulectomy with free iliac crest bone graft and titanium implants was performed. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of sheets, islands, and cords of round to polygonal epithelial cells associated with an abundant dentinoid matrix. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CK19, p63, and β-catenin (cytoplasmic and nuclear). No rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene was detected. The final diagnosis was OCD. There has been no evidence of recurrence or metastasis for 58 months after surgery. We also provide a literature review of OCD cases, including one case previously reported as ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma from our hospital.
CONCLUSIONS: OCD is a locally aggressive low grade malignancy without apparent metastatic potential. Wide surgical excision with clear margins and long-term period follow-up to identify any possible recurrence or metastases are recommended. Histopathological examination is essential to conclude the diagnosis. Special care must be taken to distinguish OCD from ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma, as misdiagnosis might lead to unnecessary overtreatment. Study of additional cases is required to further characterize the clinicopathological features and clarify the nosologic status and biological behavior of this tumor.

卵巢肝样腺癌（hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary，HCO）是一种罕见的原发于卵巢的具有肝样分化特征的特殊类型腺癌。绝经后妇女较为多见，常伴有血清甲胎蛋白水平显著增高，病理形态特征类似于肝细胞癌，免疫组织化学甲胎蛋白、HepPar-1、Glypican3的表达对诊断有帮助。目前多数人认为HCO起源于卵巢表面上皮，多处取材有时可见混杂浆液性癌等其他腺癌成分。鉴别诊断包括肝样卵黄囊瘤、转移性肝细胞癌、支持间质肿瘤等。本例报道HCO中检测到CTNNB1基因突变（p.D32Y），TERT突变（启动子区C228T突变）；其对HCO来源和潜在治疗靶点选择的作用，有待进一步研究。.

胰腺混合性腺泡导管癌是一种罕见的侵袭性胰腺癌，肿瘤中包含胰腺导管及胰腺腺泡分化2种成分。胰腺导管内混合性腺泡导管癌则更为罕见。本文报道1例发生在58岁女性胰腺导管内的混合性腺泡导管癌病例，就诊时以慢性胰腺炎伴导管扩张迁延起病。肿瘤大体沿胰腺导管乳头样生长，伴导管扩张。镜下肿瘤沿导管生长，呈乳头样息肉凸起。可见2种成分，腺泡细胞癌的成分：肿瘤实性生长，细胞具有嗜酸颗粒状胞质及明显核仁；腺癌的成分：肿瘤细胞形成腺管结构，具有细胞内外黏液。免疫组织化学染色示腺泡细胞癌成分bcl-10及糜蛋白酶阳性，导管癌成分阿辛蓝-过碘酸雪夫染色阳性；2种成分广谱细胞角蛋白及β-catenin均膜阳性，而神经内分泌标志物CD56、突触素及嗜铬粒素A均阴性；p53弱到中度阳性，Ki-67阳性指数15%。胰腺导管内的生长方式是胰腺混合性腺泡导管癌一种极为少见的生长方式，患者以非特异性胰腺炎症状慢性迁延起病，临床表现不典型，及时正确的诊断对患者的治疗和预后评估非常重要。.

OBJECTIVE: Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is an uncommon intermediate bone tumor rarely involving the skull with unidentified pathogenesis. We report the first case of pediatric temporoparietal cranial desmoplastic fibroma (DF) with a CTNNB1 gene mutation and review the previous literature.
METHODS: A 3-year-old boy had a firm, painless mass on the right temporoparietal region for 22 months. The cranial CT scan showed isolated osteolytic destruction in the outer plate and diploe of the right temporoparietal bone. Gross total resection of the lesion and cranioplasty were performed. After that, a growing epidural hematoma was observed so another operation was performed to remove the artificial titanium plate. Postoperative pathology indicated a DF diagnosis and molecular pathology suggested a missense mutation in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene (c.100G > A,p.Gly34Arg).
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric cranial DF is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed before operation. For cranial DF, lesion resection can be performed and perioperative management should be strengthened. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene might be one of the molecular pathologic features of DF.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Lung hypoplasia contributes to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) associated morbidity and mortality. Changes in lung wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt)-signalling and its downstream effector beta-catenin (CTNNB1), which acts as a transcription coactivator, exist in animal CDH models but are not well characterized in humans. We aim to identify changes to Wnt-signalling gene expression in human CDH lungs and hypothesize that pathway expression will be lower than controls.
METHODS: We identified 51 CDH cases and 10 non-CDH controls with archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) autopsy lung tissue from 2012 to 2022. 11 liveborn CDH cases and an additional two anterior diaphragmatic hernias were excluded from the study, leaving 38 CDH cases. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of Wnt-signalling effectors WNT2B and CTNNB1 was determined for 19 CDH cases and 9 controls. A subset of CDH cases and controls lung sections were immunostained for β-catenin. Clinical variables were obtained from autopsy reports.
RESULTS: Median gestational age was 21 weeks. 81% (n = 31) of hernias were left-sided. 47% (n = 18) were posterolateral. Liver position was up in 81% (n = 31) of cases. Defect size was Type C or D in 58% (n = 22) of cases based on autopsy photos, and indeterminable in 42% (n = 16) of cases. WNT2B and CTNNB1 mRNA expression did not differ between CDH and non-CDH lungs. CDH lungs had fewer interstitial cells expressing β-catenin protein than non-CDH lungs (13.2% vs 42.4%; p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: There appear to be differences in the abundance and/or localization of β-catenin proteins between CDH and non-CDH lungs.
METHODS: Level III.
METHODS: Case-Control Study.

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma is a grade 1 tumor that arises in a sellar/suprasellar location. Despite being a grade 1 tumor, there is high recurrence and endocrinal insufficiency. Malignancy arising in craniopharyngioma is extremely rare, has a dismal prognosis, and is currently not included as a separate entity in the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System 5th edition. Here we describe a case of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and its malignant counterpart. The malignant part had unique histomorphology and basaloid cells with pseudoglandular architecture and a myxoid background. It bore a striking resemblance to adenoid cystic carcinoma. Both the benign and malignant counterparts were beta-catenin and SOX-2 positive, providing proof of the malignant part arising from the benign part. Tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma have been described in cranipharyngioma. This case study is the first to describe this unique morphology of adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features. The possibility of adenoid cystic carcinoma was excluded by immunohistochemistry.

暂无摘要。