随着工业革命后技术进步的到来,每年有数千种化学品进入市场,以改善人类生活的不同方面。其中,药品和个人护理产品(PPCP),包括抗生素和消毒剂,如苯扎氯铵(BAC),是突出的。BACs,通常用于高浓度的表面和手部消毒,或用作健康产品的防腐剂,例如鼻喷雾剂和滴眼剂,如果它们通过长时间暴露或不当应用渗入灌溉水,可能会带来环境风险。这项研究的主要目的是阐明可能在浮萍次要植物中出现的耐受机制,以其高效积累物质的卓越能力而闻名,响应不同浓度的外源施用BAC。该研究应用了六种不同浓度的BAC,范围从0.25到10毫克L-1。实验期为7天,治疗期间一式三份进行,以确保结果的可靠性和可重复性。观察到低浓度的BAC(0.25、0.5和ImgL-1)不引起生长参数的任何统计学显著变化。然而,较高浓度的BAC(2.5,5和10mgL-1)导致RGR降低20%,28%,36%,分别。叶绿素荧光在BAC剂量为5和10mgL-1时显著下降,Fv/Fm比分别下降9%和15%,Fv/Fo比率分别为40%和39%,分别。所有治疗组的脯氨酸含量均下降,在10mgL-1BAC时减少46%。TBARS和H2O2含量随BAC用量成比例增加,在10mgL-1时分别显示30%和40%的最高增加。在BAC浓度为0.5,1和2.5mgL-1时,SOD酶活性显着增加,增加了2.7倍,2.2折,和1.7倍分别,随着H2O2的积累最少,表明L.minor植物对BAC具有很强的耐受性。这得到了CAT和GST酶的有效功能的支持,在相同的浓度下尤其明显,其中增加的活性有效减少H2O2的积累。在AsA-GSH循环中,尽管观察到组间存在差异,GR酶对通过再循环GSSG保持GSH含量的贡献可能维持植物中的氧化还原稳态,特别是在低浓度的BAC。研究表明,L.minor有效地积累了BAC以及其耐受机制和高抗氧化活性。这些结果强调了通过植物修复进行环境清理工作的潜力。
With the advent of technological advancements post the industrial revolution, thousands of chemicals are introduced into the market annually to enhance different facets of human life. Among these, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), including antibiotics and disinfectants, such as benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), are prominent. BACs, often used for surface and hand disinfection in high concentrations or as preservatives in health products such as nasal sprays and eye drops, may present environmental risks if they seep into irrigation water through prolonged exposure or improper application. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the tolerance mechanisms that may arise in Lemna minor plants, known for their remarkable capability to accumulate substances efficiently, in response to exogenously applied BACs at varying concentrations. The study applied six different concentrations of BACs, ranging from 0.25 to 10 mg L-1. The experimental period spanned seven days, during which the treatments were conducted in triplicate to ensure reliability and reproducibility of the results. It was observed that low concentrations of BACs (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) did not elicit any statistically significant changes in growth parameters. However, higher concentrations of BACs (2.5, 5, and 10 mg L-1) resulted in a reduction in RGR by 20%, 28%, and 36%, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence declined significantly at BAC doses of 5 and 10 mg L-1, with Fv/Fm ratios decreasing by 9% and 15%, and Fv/Fo ratios by 40% and 39%, respectively. Proline content decreased in all treatment groups, with a 46% reduction at 10 mg L-1 BAC. TBARS and H2O2 contents increased proportionally with BAC dosage, showing the highest increases of 30% and 40% at 10 mg L-1, respectively. The noticeable increase in SOD enzyme activity at BAC concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mg L-1, with increases of 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 1.7-fold respectively, along with minimal accumulation of H2O2, suggests that L. minor plants have a strong tolerance to BAC. This is supported by the efficient functioning of the CAT and GST enzymes, especially evident at the same concentrations, where increased activities effectively reduce the buildup of H2O2. In the AsA-GSH cycle, although variations were observed between groups, the contribution of the GR enzyme to the preservation of GSH content by recycling GSSG likely maintained redox homeostasis in the plant, especially at low concentrations of BACs. The study revealed that L. minor effectively accumulates BAC alongside its tolerance mechanisms and high antioxidant activity. These results underscore the potential for environmental cleanup efforts through phytoremediation.