I型过敏是病理性的,2型炎症免疫反应,针对其他无害的环境过敏原,这些过敏原来自不同类型的免疫细胞之间的复杂相互作用。活化的免疫细胞经历表型和功能的广泛变化以实现其效应子功能。特此,激活,分化,扩散,迁移,效应反应的安装需要代谢重编程。而代谢变化与树突状细胞的激活有关,巨噬细胞,T细胞被广泛研究,有关其他严重参与过敏反应的细胞类型的代谢表型的数据(上皮细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,肥大细胞,和ILC2)相当有限。这篇综述简要介绍了细胞能量代谢的基础知识及其与免疫细胞功能的关系。此外,它总结了树突状细胞和巨噬细胞代谢方面的知识的当前状态,随后重点关注与上皮细胞活化相关的代谢变化,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,肥大细胞,以及过敏中的ILC2s。有趣的是,据报道,过敏性炎症中的先天关键细胞类型在激活过程中会改变其代谢表型,转移到糖酵解(上皮细胞,M1巨噬细胞,DCs,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,急性激活的肥大细胞),氧化磷酸化(M2巨噬细胞,长期激活的肥大细胞),或脂肪酸氧化(ILC2s)。因此,免疫代谢与过敏性疾病有关,需要考虑其与免疫细胞效应子功能的关系,以更好地理解过敏性反应的诱导和维持。该领域的进一步进展可能会提高我们对疾病病理学的理解,并实现新的治疗目标/策略。
Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils,
basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This
review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils,
basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils,
basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.