人们对废物管理和处置对环境的影响的认识和公众的关注日益提高。近年来,环境政策工具得到了加强,相关的政府方案也有所增加,产生了高水平的废物管理策略。风险评估现在是优先考虑环境和人类健康保护的重要工具。然而,监管机构需要在健全和一致的基础上比较所有的风险。比较来自如此不同来源的风险构成了重大挑战,传统的危害和风险评估已不再足够。如果要将风险评估用作更综合的决策过程的援助,现在需要考虑更广泛的因素。为此,基线研究-风险评估的基础-可以发挥关键作用。迄今为止,已经对需要进行了有限的研究,参数,requirements,以及基线研究的组成部分,特别是在如何,为什么,以及要整理哪些信息以使风险评估更适当地整合和完整。为了建立基线研究的“最先进的”,本文全面回顾了有关环境风险评估的一般文献,然后继续审查与垃圾填埋场和垃圾渗滤液具体相关的工作,从而确定知识差距和不足领域。本综述的结论是,废物处置场的整体基线研究程序,哪些风险评估人员可以用于进行专门针对垃圾渗滤液的风险分析,目前还不存在。
There is growing awareness and public concern about environmental impacts of waste management and disposal. Environmental policy instruments have been strengthened and associated governmental programmes have increased in recent years, resulting in high level strategies for waste management. Risk assessment is now an essential tool in the prioritisation of environmental and human health protection. However, regulators need to compare the full range of risks on a sound and consistent basis. Comparing risks from such diverse sources poses a significant challenge, and traditional hazard and risk assessments are no longer sufficient. Consideration now needs to be given to a much wider range of factors if risk assessment is to be used as an aid to more integrated decision-making process. For this purpose, baseline
study - the foundation of risk assessment - can play a crucial role. To date limited research has been conducted on the need, parameters, requirements, and constituents of baseline
study particularly in the context of how, why, and what information is to be collated in order to render risk assessments more appropriately integrated and complete. To establish the \'state-of-the-art\' of baseline
study, this paper comprehensively reviews the literature regarding environmental risk assessment in general terms, and then proceeds to review work that is specifically related to landfills and landfill leachate, thereby identifying knowledge gaps and shortfall areas. This review concludes that a holistic baseline
study procedure for waste disposal sites, which risk assessors could use for carrying out risk analyses specifically for landfill leachate, does not as yet exist.