微塑料(MPs),作为农业生态系统中的新污染物,已经引起了科学家的广泛关注。然而,我们对MP地理分布及其影响因素在空间尺度上的理解仍然很差。这里,进行了区域尺度的田间调查,以评估中国五个主要水稻种植区的MPs分布特征,我们探索了生物和非生物因素的作用,特别是化学计量和微生物对MP分布的影响。在所有采样点都观察到了MP,平均6,390±2,031个项目·kg-1。尺寸小于0.5毫米,黑色和透明MP占主导地位。纤维,被归类为MP形状之一,发生的最频繁。MP社区分析,首先用于水稻土,显示更多的黑人议员在河南(HE),更多人造丝,蓝色,和其他颜色的国会议员在湖南(HN),天津(TJ)更透明的国会议员,黑龙江(DB)更多PEMP。在本研究的大多数南方稻田土壤中发现了较高的MP群落多样性,由于更广泛的来源。C/N与颗粒状MP丰度和大小在2至5mm之间呈正相关(P<0.05)。土壤微生物群落Chao1指数与MP丰度呈正相关,尺寸小于0.5mm的MPs,和纤维丰富。最低气温与MP丰度呈正相关(P<0.05),暗示冻融过程的潜在影响可能存在。回归分析强调了人口数量在确定MP丰度中的重要作用(R=0.421,P=0.02)。这项研究证实了MPs在中国稻田不同土壤深度的广泛分布,并证明了其分布受人口数量和环境变量的影响。比如微生物学。这些发现可以为MP的毒理学行为和对人类健康的潜在风险提供依据。
Microplastics (MPs), as new pollutants in agroecosystems, have already attracted widespread attention from scientists. However, our understanding of MP geographic distribution and its influencing factors across spatial scales remains poor. Here, a regional-scale field investigation was conducted to assess the distribution characteristic of MPs in five major rice-growing regions of China, and we explored the roles of biological and abiotic factors, especially stoichiometry and microbial influences on MP distribution. MPs were observed in all sampling sites, averaging 6,390 ± 2,031 items⋅kg-1. Sizes less than 0.5 mm and black and transparent MPs dominated. Fiber, classified as one of the MP shapes, occurred most frequently. MP community analysis, firstly used in paddy soil, revealed more black MPs abundance in Henan (HE), more rayon, blue, and other colors MPs in Hunan (HN), more transparent MPs in Tianjing (TJ), and more PE MPs in Heilongjiang (DB). Higher MP community diversity was found in most south paddy soils of this study, due to a broader range of sources. C/N showed a positive relationship with pellet-shaped MP abundance and MPs of size between 2 and 5 mm (P < 0.05). Chao1 index of soil microbial communities was positively correlated with the MP abundance, MPs of size less than 0.5 mm, and fiber abundance. The minimum temperature was positively correlated with MP abundance (P < 0.05), implying the potential effects of the freeze-thaw process might exist. The regression analysis highlighted the important role of population quantity in determining MP abundance (R = 0.421, P = 0.02). This study confirmed the wide distribution of MPs in different soil depths of paddy lands in China and demonstrated that its distribution was influenced by population quantity and environmental variables, such as microbiology. These findings could provide a basis for the toxicological behavior of MPs and the potential risk to human health.