牛呼吸道合胞病毒(BRSV)和牛副流感病毒3(BPIV3)是与牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)密切相关的病毒,在世界各地的牛群中，发病率与经济损失的主要原因。这两种病毒具有共同的特征，例如相互的形态和复制策略，以及它们在人类中的对应物，HRSV和HPIV3。因此,牛的BRSV和BPIV3感染被认为是人类HRSV和HPIV3感染的有用动物模型。病毒与宿主免疫系统的不同分支之间的相互作用相当复杂。中和抗体似乎与预防严重疾病有关，细胞介导的免疫被认为是急性感染后病毒清除所必需的。另一方面,宿主的免疫反应在很大程度上导致了上呼吸道的组织损伤。BRSV和BPIV3也具有相似的病理生物学和流行病学特征。因此,针对这两种病毒的组合疫苗非常常见,并且多种传统的减毒活疫苗和灭活BRSV和BPIV3疫苗是市售的。
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus (BRSV) and Bovine Parainfluenza 3 virus (BPIV3) are closely related viruses involved in and both important pathogens within bovine respiratory disease (
BRD), a major cause of morbidity with economic losses in cattle populations around the world. The two viruses share characteristics such as morphology and replication strategy with each other and with their counterparts in humans, HRSV and HPIV3. Therefore, BRSV and BPIV3 infections in cattle are considered useful animal models for HRSV and HPIV3 infections in humans.The interaction between the viruses and the different branches of the host\'s immune system is rather complex. Neutralizing antibodies seem to be a correlate of protection against severe disease, and cell-mediated immunity is thought to be essential for virus clearance following acute infection. On the other hand, the host\'s immune response considerably contributes to the tissue damage in the upper respiratory tract.BRSV and BPIV3 also have similar pathobiological and epidemiological features. Therefore, combination vaccines against both viruses are very common and a variety of traditional live attenuated and inactivated BRSV and BPIV3 vaccines are commercially available.
PDF(Sci-hub)