The molecular electron density theory (MEDT) was employed to examine the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between (E)-N-((dimethylamino)methylene)benzothioamide (1) and (S)-3-acryloyl-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (2) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) design level. Parr functions and energy studies clearly show that this reaction is regio- and stereoselective, in perfect agreement with experimental results. By evaluating the chemical mechanism in terms of bond evolution theory (BET) and electron localization function (ELF), which divulges a variety of variations in the electron density along the reaction path, a single-step mechanism with highly asynchronous transition states structures was revealed. Additionally, we conducted a docking study on compounds P1, P2, P3, and P4 in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6LU7) in comparison to Nirmatrelvir. Our findings provide confirmation that product P4 may serve as a potent antiviral drug.

OBJECTIVE: Balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) is a promising therapeutic option for eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. However, data are lacking on the effect of BET in adults with symptoms of chronic ET dysfunction but without a contributing pathology. This study investigated the effect of BET in adult patients with only symptoms of chronic ET dysfunction.
METHODS: This prospective clinical trial included adult patients with aerated physiological middle ears and symptoms of ET dysfunction for more than 6 months. Compliance with follow-up was 93.3%. We evaluated the effects of BET with tympanometry, assessment of the Valsalva or Toynbee maneuver with tympanometry verification, a Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7), and pure-tone audiometry. Data were recorded 1 day before surgery and 2, 6, and 12 months after BET. Therapy was considered successful when the patient exhibited a newly acquired ability to perform the Valsalva or Toynbee maneuver or when the ETDQ-7 score improved by 20% or more.
RESULTS: We included 14 ears in the analysis. After 2, 6, and 12 months, therapy was successful, according to the ETDQ-7, in 11/14 (78.6%; 95% CI: 48.8-94.3), 13/14 (92.9%; 95% CI: 64.2-99.6), and 12/14 (85.7%; 95% CI: 56.2-97.5) ears, respectively. These results were statistically significant. The ETDQ-7 scores also significantly decreased at 2, 6, and 12 months after the BET, when any change was observed. All patients experienced improvement. Only 1 patient reported temporary deterioration after 2 months. Treatment was more frequently successful in patients without nasal polyps or pollinosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Adults with only symptoms of chronic ET dysfunction benefitted more and had longer lasting results from BET, compared to patients with pathologies caused by ET dysfunction. Balloon eustachian tuboplasty could be recommended for these patients.

BET (Biological Engineering Technology) formula uses fluids with high albumin concentration to resuscitate burn patients. It estimates fluid resuscitation as a function of Body Burned Surface Area (BBSA) (ml/h = BBSA (m2) × 220) and administers it through a combination of lactated ringer and 20% Albumin starting at a 1:1 relationship. The proportion of albumin is decreased every 8 h, and infusion rate is modified according to urinary output. The study\'s purpose was to review resuscitation related variables of all burned patients treated in our unit using BET formula. We retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to our critical care burn unit during a five year period. Only those admitted within the first 12 h post-burn injury were considered. 40 patients met all inclusion criteria. Resuscitation volume during the first 24 h was 2.58 ml/kg/%BBSA, significantly less than Parkland\'s estimation (4 ml/kg/%BBSA; P < 0.05). Patients were successfully resuscitated showing a significant base excess increase and lactate clearance during the resuscitation period (base excess 120%; lactate 29%; P < 0.05). Burn related complications where: ARDS 27%, renal dysfunction 53%, wound deepening 20%, abdominal compartment syndrome 4.5%. In conclusion, BET formula is capable of resuscitating burn patients successfully, limiting fluid administration.

In this paper, we are reporting a simple hydrothermal technique for preparation of MoSe2 nanostructures (nanourchins and nanosheets) using selenium and sodium molybdate as precursors. Samples are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FESEM revealed that the morphology of materials was varying significantly by changing pH value during synthesis. Photocatalytic degradation of anionic dye (MO), cationic dye (MB), and reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) were performed. Nanosheets and nanourchins showed higher photocatalytic activity, enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency is correlated with the higher •OH radical concentration, crystallinity of material, and large surface area as evident through XPS, XRD, and BET, respectively. Photocatalysis mechanism along with role of reactive species (•OH and holes) were explained using trapping experiments. Identification of degraded products was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reaction kinetics and reusability of materials were also studied; wherein, it was observed that the materials have reusable properties.

Symmetric supercapacitors are fabricated by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and activated carbon (AC) using similar proportions of 7 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer binder in an aqueous electrolyte. In this study, a comparison of porous texture and electrochemical performances between CNFs and AC based supercapacitors was carried out. Electrodes were assembled in the cell without a current collector. The prepared electrodes of CNFs and AC present Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 83 and 1042 m2/g, respectively. The dominant pore structure for CNFs is mesoporous while for AC is micropore. The results showed that AC provided higher specific capacitance retention up to very fast scan rate of 500 mV/s. AC carbon had a specific capacitance of 334 F/g, and CNFs had 52 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s in aqueous solution. Also, the results indicate the superior conductivity of CNFs in contrast to AC counterparts. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) showed a very small value for CNFs (0.28 Ω) in comparison to AC that has an ESR resistance of (3.72 Ω). Moreover, CNF delivered higher specific power (1860 W/kg) than that for AC (450 W/kg). On the other hand, AC gave higher specific energy (18.1 Wh/kg) than that for CNFs (2 Wh/kg).This indicates that the AC is good for energy applications. Whereas, CNF is good for power application. Indeed, the higher surface area will lead to higher specific capacitance and hence higher energy density for AC. For CNF, lower ESR is responsible for having higher power density.Both CNF and AC supercapacitor exhibit an excellent charge-discharge stability up to 2500 cycles.