Autonomy support

自治支持
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管已知育儿报告中的亲子差异与儿童抑郁症状有关,因果关系的方向是未知的。为了解决这个知识差距,这项研究有助于现有的文献,通过检查纵向的家庭内联系之间的亲子关系之间的差异在他们的报告中的自主支持和抑郁症状的儿童,同时评估这些与父母抑郁症状的联系。此外,这项研究探讨了这些联系是否因父亲与母子差异而有所不同。497名青少年(56.9%的男孩,法师在T1=13.03,SD=0.46),他们的母亲(N=495),和他们的父亲(N=446)的荷兰研究青少年发展和关系(RADAR)。与预期相反,随机拦截交叉滞后面板模型的结果没有提供家庭内交叉滞后效应的证据。相反,家庭之间的稳定差异解释了联系;在儿童平均报告抑郁症状水平较高的家庭中,儿童还报告说,相对于父母,他们的自主支持水平较低。亲子差异与父母的抑郁症状之间没有关联。因此,研究结果表明,抑郁症状既不是后果,也不是青春期亲子差异的预测因子。这项研究的假设和分析计划已在开放科学框架的项目中进行了预先注册。
    Although parent-child discrepancies in reports of parenting are known to be associated with child depressive symptoms, the direction of causality is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study contributes to existing literature by examining longitudinal within-family linkages between parent-child discrepancies in their reports on autonomy support and depressive symptoms of children, while also assessing these linkages with parents\' depressive symptoms. In addition, this study explored whether these linkages differ for father- versus mother-child discrepancies. Longitudinal data (six annual waves) of 497 adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T1 = 13.03, SD = 0.46), their mothers (N = 495), and their fathers (N = 446) of the Dutch study Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships (RADAR) were used. Counter to expectations, the results of a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model provided no evidence for within-family cross-lagged effects. Instead, stable differences between families explained linkages; in families where children reported on average higher levels of depressive symptoms, children also reported lower levels of autonomy support relative to their parents. There were no associations between parent-child discrepancies and parents\' depressive symptoms. Thus, the findings suggest that depressive symptoms are neither a consequence, nor a predictor of parent-child discrepancies in adolescence. The hypotheses and analytical plan of this study were preregistered in a project on the Open Science Framework.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    儿童在法医访谈中关于虐待指控的报告通常对于法律程序和指导有关为儿童及其家庭提供服务的决定至关重要。实地研究检查了对儿童的法医访谈,发现了儿童向访谈员报告的信息量。研究儿童的法医报告与自传体记忆相关的更广泛的生态和发展背景之间的关联,将极大地有助于我们理解儿童在法医调查期间的创伤报告。在自传记忆发展的社会文化理论和采访儿童证人的自决观点的指导下,52名学龄前儿童报告的指控相关细节之间的关联(M=4.59岁,SD=1.06)在法医访谈中,检查了有关经证实的虐待指控以及后来的产妇阐述和自主性支持性回忆,这些回忆是在实验室评估期间观察到的母子互动。与以前关于儿童自传体记忆的研究一致,观察到母亲精心回忆与孩子的日常经历与法医访谈中报告的儿童的独特指控相关细节数量之间存在正相关关系,但只有当母亲以自治的支持方式与孩子回忆时。讨论了采访儿童证人的理论和实践意义。
    Children\'s reports during forensic interviews regarding maltreatment allegations are often critical for legal processes and for guiding decisions regarding services for children and their families. Field research examining forensic interviews with children has identified a wide range in the amount of information children report to interviewers. Research examining associations between children\'s forensic reports and their broader ecological and developmental contexts related to autobiographical memory would critically contribute to our understanding of children\'s reports of trauma during forensic investigations. Guided by the sociocultural theory of autobiographical memory development and a self-determination perspective of interviewing child witnesses, associations between the number of allegation-relevant details reported by 52 preschoolers (M = 4.59 years old, SD = 1.06) during forensic interviews concerning substantiated maltreatment allegations and later maternal elaborative and autonomy supportive reminiscing from observations of mother-child interactions during a laboratory assessment were examined. Consistent with previous research regarding children\'s autobiographical memory, a positive association between maternal elaborative reminiscing about everyday experiences with their children and the number of unique allegation-relevant details children reported during forensic interviews was observed, but only when mothers reminisced with their children in an autonomy supportive manner. Theoretical and practical implications for interviewing child witnesses are discussed.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    术语,\'自决\',意味着个人可以选择和控制生活的各个方面。个人/家庭偏好和选择现在是澳大利亚国家残疾保险计划的核心方面,巩固了这些概念在促进福祉方面的重要性。作为职业治疗师,与我们的客户合作,我们促进和实现个人有意义和自我认可的职业绩效目标。因此,我们的专业实践为我们提供了一个强大的激励工具,通过它,我们可以利用个人的能量来追求他们的目标——职业。自我决定理论(SDT)是一种有影响力的人类动机理论,是作为一种理解我们的职业治疗交易要素的方式提出的。以及我们制定它们以增强客户成果的方式。在SDT中,建议个人参与,当满足三种心理需求时,追求并坚持某些行为。这些需求是对自主性的(从事自我认可的行为),亲属关系(感觉被照顾和与他人联系)和能力(感觉在一个人的环境中有效)。专注于支持满足这些基本的心理需求,它将被争论,产生治疗联盟和目标追求的内部化,从而优化治疗参与和结果。关注自主性心理需求的实践方法的例子,将介绍相关性和能力。将有一个案例将SDT嵌入我们的实践模型中,作为阐明我们如何实践的一种合理方式。
    The term, \'self-determination\', implies that individuals have choice and control over aspects of their lives. Individual/family preferences and choices are now core aspects of Australia\'s National Disability Insurance Scheme, underpinning the importance attributed to these concepts in relation to the fostering of wellbeing. As occupational therapists, in collaboration with our clients, we facilitate and enable occupational performance goals which are personally meaningful and self-endorsed. As such, our professional practice provides us with a powerful motivational tool by which we can harness individuals\' energies in the pursuit of their goals - occupation. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is an influential theory of human motivation and is presented as a way of understanding the elements of our occupational therapy transactions, and the way in which we enact them so as to enhance client outcomes. In SDT, it is proposed that individuals engage in, pursue and persist with certain behaviours when three psychological needs are being met. These needs are for autonomy (engaging in behaviour that is self-endorsed), relatedness (feeling cared for and connected to others) and competence (feeling effective in one\'s environment). A focus on supporting satisfaction of these basic psychological needs, it will be argued, engenders therapeutic alliance and internalisation of goal pursuits, thus optimising therapy engagement and outcomes. Examples of practice approaches that attend to the psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence will be presented. A case will be made for embedding SDT into our models of practice as a sound way of articulating how we practise.
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