慢性伤口的特点是长时间不愈合,显著影响患者的生活质量。口服配方可以增强伤口愈合过程并有助于降低护理成本。这篇综述旨在评估口服营养补充剂对慢性伤口愈合的影响,并提供有关配方特征的见解。对Cinahl进行全面搜索,Embase,PubMed,和WebofScience数据库在过去十年中进行了九项研究,涉及741名52岁至81.7岁的患者,涉及各种护理环境:医院,长期护理设施,和家庭护理。主要伤口类型包括压力伤害(58%),糖尿病足溃疡(40%),和静脉性溃疡(2%)。干预持续时间为2至16周,样本量从24到270患者不等。值得注意的是,四项研究报告了伤口面积的减少和高卡路里的愈合率的增加,富含锌和维生素A的高蛋白配方,C,而E.然而,两项研究发现与对照组相比无显著差异.另外两项研究调查了精氨酸的组合,谷氨酰胺,和β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸酯;然而,他们没有产生显著的结果,一项研究倾向于使用高蛋白配方代替含有精氨酸的高蛋白配方。这篇综述提供了证据,支持口服营养补充剂增强慢性伤口愈合过程的潜力。根据我们的发现,理想的配方应具有高卡路里和蛋白质含量以及抗氧化剂微量营养素的特征,包括,但不限于,维生素A,E,C,和锌。
Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients\' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and contribute to cost reduction in care. This
review aimed to evaluate the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on chronic wound healing and provide insights into formula characteristics. A comprehensive search across Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases yielded nine studies from the past decade involving 741 patients ages 52 to 81.7 across various care settings: hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care. Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%). The intervention duration ranged from 2 to 16 wk, with sample sizes varying from 24 to 270 patients. Notably, four studies reported a reduction in wound area and an increased healing rate with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc and vitamins A, C, and E. However, two studies found no significant differences compared with control groups. Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine. This
review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds. Based on our findings, a desirable formula should be characterized by a high calorie and protein content and the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients, including, but not limited to, vitamins A, E, C, and zinc.