背景:急性髓性白血病(AML)很少出现血小板增多症,血小板计数超过1.0×1012/L的明显血小板增多是一种极为罕见的现象。
目的:1例初发AML异常表现为高度血小板增多症。
方法:病例报告。
方法:曼苏拉大学肿瘤中心血液科,埃及。
方法:一名37岁男性患者,2020年有袖状胃切除术史,表现为口腔粘膜炎,复发性脓肿,发烧,和双侧腋窝淋巴结肿大。初始全血细胞计数(CBC)显示Hb水平为6g/dL,血小板计数为1.685×109/L,白细胞(WBC)计数为19×109/L。通过骨髓穿刺证实了从头AML(FAB-M2AML)的诊断,活检,和免疫分型。细胞遗传学研究显示t(8;21)/inv16/t(9;22)阴性。分子研究显示FLT-3突变阳性和BCP/ABL1,JAK2,V617F,除骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)外的CALR外显子9突变。
方法:患者于9月20日接受为期7天的阿糖胞苷和3天的蒽环类药物的诱导化疗,2021年,但患者难治,因为BMA显示75%的母细胞。患者于11月6日开始抢救HAM(大剂量阿糖胞苷和米托蒽醌)+索拉非尼,2021年。再一次,他无法获得响应,并接受了FLAG(高剂量的阿糖胞苷,氟达拉滨,和粒细胞集落刺激因子)+索拉非尼12月18日,2021年,在从COVID-19感染中恢复后。
方法:为了阐明髓系肿瘤作为MPN的事实,MDS,和从头AML可以共享重叠的功能。
结果:1月25日,2022年,上一次CBC显示Hb水平为8.4g/dL,血小板计数395×109/L,白细胞计数为2.41×109/L,中性粒细胞微分计数为0.24×109/L。此后,患者失去了随访。
结论:仅有少数AML病例报告有血小板增多症。必须进行详细的分子研究以确认具有异常表现的新生AML患者的诊断。对这些病例进行仔细的随访可能有助于建立更好的治疗指南,因为这些患者通常预后不良。
BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rarely presented with thrombocytosis and marked thrombocytosis with a platelet count over 1.0×1012/L is an extremely rare phenomenon.
OBJECTIVE: A
case of de novo AML with unusual presentation by extreme thrombocytosis.
METHODS: A
case report.
METHODS: Hematology Unit at the Oncology Center Mansoura University, Egypt.
METHODS: A 37-year-old male patient with a history of sleeve gastrectomy in 2020, presented with oral mucositis, recurrent abscess, fever, and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Initial complete blood count (CBC) showed a Hb level of 6 g/dL, a platelet count of 1.685×109/L, and a white blood cell (WBC) count of 19×109/L. Diagnosis of de novo AML (FAB-M2 AML) was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, and immunophenotyping. Cytogenetic study showed negative t(8;21)/inv 16/ t(9;22). A molecular study showed positive FLT-3 mutation and negative BCP/ABL1, JAK2, V617F, and CALR exon 9 mutations excluding blast transformation on top of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
METHODS: The patient received induction chemotherapy including a course of 7-day-cytarabine along with 3-day-anthracycline on September 20th, 2021 but the patient was refractory as BMA showed blast cells 75%. The patient started salvage HAM (high-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone) + Sorafenib on November 6th, 2021. Again, he could not achieve a response and received FLAG (high-dose cytosine arabinoside, fludarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors) + Sorafenib on December 18th, 2021, after recovery from COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: To shed light on fact that myeloid neoplasms as MPN, MDS, and de novo AML can share overlapping features.
RESULTS: On January 25th, 2022, the last CBC showed a Hb level of 8.4 g/dL, a platelet Count of 395×109/L, and a WBC Count of 2.41×109/L with a differential Neutrophil count of 0.24×109/L. The patient lost follow-up since then.
CONCLUSIONS: Only a few AML cases have been reported with thrombocytosis. Detailed molecular studies are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis of de novo AML patients with unusual presentation. Careful follow-up of those cases could help in establishing management guidelines for better outcomes as those patients usually have a poor prognosis.