噬菌体,或噬菌体,是在细菌宿主内感染和复制的病毒,在调节微生物种群和生态系统动态方面发挥着重要作用。然而,由于生态系统准入受限和生物量低等挑战,来自极地等极端环境的噬菌体仍然相对缺乏研究。理解多样性,结构,极性噬菌体的功能对于提高我们对这些环境的微生物生态学和生物地球化学的认识至关重要。在这次审查中,我们将探索北极和南极噬菌体的最新知识,专注于从经济学研究中获得的见解,噬菌体分离,和病毒样粒子丰度数据。对极地环境的宏基因组研究揭示了具有独特遗传特征的噬菌体的高度多样性,提供对它们的进化和生态作用的见解。噬菌体分离研究已经确定了新的噬菌体-宿主相互作用,并有助于发现新的噬菌体物种。病毒样颗粒丰度和裂解率数据,另一方面,强调了噬菌体在调节极地环境中细菌种群和营养循环中的重要性。总的来说,这篇综述旨在全面概述有关极地噬菌体的知识现状,通过综合这些不同的信息来源,我们可以更好地理解多样性,动力学,以及在持续的气候变化背景下极地噬菌体的功能,这将有助于预测极地生态系统和居住的噬菌体如何应对未来的环境扰动。
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect and replicate within bacterial hosts, playing a significant role in regulating microbial populations and ecosystem dynamics. However, phages from extreme environments such as polar regions remain relatively understudied due to challenges such as restricted ecosystem access and low biomass. Understanding the diversity, structure, and functions of polar phages is crucial for advancing our knowledge of the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of these environments. In this
review, we will explore the current state of knowledge on phages from the Arctic and
Antarctic, focusing on insights gained from -omic studies, phage isolation, and virus-like particle abundance data. Metagenomic studies of polar environments have revealed a high diversity of phages with unique genetic characteristics, providing insights into their evolutionary and ecological roles. Phage isolation studies have identified novel phage-host interactions and contributed to the discovery of new phage species. Virus-like particle abundance and lysis rate data, on the other hand, have highlighted the importance of phages in regulating bacterial populations and nutrient cycling in polar environments. Overall, this
review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about polar phages, and by synthesizing these different sources of information, we can better understand the diversity, dynamics, and functions of polar phages in the context of ongoing climate change, which will help to predict how polar ecosystems and residing phages may respond to future environmental perturbations.