PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Over the last 25 years, a much broader range of taxonomic studies of bacteria has gradually replaced the former reliance upon morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. This polyphasic taxonomy takes into account all available phenotypic and genotypic data and integrates them in a consensus type of classification, framed in a general phylogeny derived from 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In some cases, the consensus classification is a compromise containing a minimum of contradictions. It is thought that the more parameters that will become available in the future, the more polyphasic classification will gain stability. In this review, the practice of polyphasic taxonomy is discussed for four groups of bacteria chosen for their relevance, complexity, or both: the genera Xanthomonas and Campylobacter, the lactic acid bacteria, and the family Comamonadaceae. An evaluation of our present insights, the conclusions derived from it, and the perspectives of polyphasic taxonomy are discussed, emphasizing the keystone role of the species. Taxonomists did not succeed in standardizing species delimitation by using percent DNA hybridization values. Together with the absence of another \"gold standard\" for species definition, this has an enormous repercussion on bacterial taxonomy. This problem is faced in polyphasic taxonomy, which does not depend on a theory, a hypothesis, or a set of rules, presenting a pragmatic approach to a consensus type of taxonomy, integrating all available data maximally. In the future, polyphasic taxonomy will have to cope with (i) enormous amounts of data, (ii) large numbers of strains, and (iii) data fusion (data aggregation), which will demand efficient and centralized data storage. In the future, taxonomic studies will require collaborative efforts by specialized laboratories even more than now is the case. Whether these future developments will guarantee a more stable consensus classification remains an open question.
摘要：
在过去的25年里,更广泛的细菌分类学研究已经逐渐取代了以前对形态学的依赖，生理,和生化表征。这种多相分类法考虑了所有可用的表型和基因型数据，并将它们整合到共识类型的分类中，构建在来自16SrRNA序列分析的一般系统发育中。在某些情况下,共识分类是一种包含最少矛盾的折衷方案。人们认为，将来可用的参数越多，更多的多相分类将获得稳定性。在这次审查中,多相分类学的实践进行了讨论，选择四组细菌的相关性，复杂性，或者两者都有：黄单胞菌属和弯曲杆菌属，乳酸菌，和科从科。对我们目前的见解的评估，从中得出的结论，并讨论了多相分类学的观点，强调物种的基石作用。分类学家未能通过使用百分比DNA杂交值来标准化物种划界。再加上物种定义的另一个“黄金标准”，这对细菌分类学产生了巨大的影响。这个问题在多相分类学中面临，这不依赖于理论，一个假设，或者一套规则,为共识类型的分类法提出了一种务实的方法，最大限度地整合所有可用数据。在未来,多相分类学将不得不处理(I)大量的数据，(ii)大量的菌株，和(iii)数据融合(数据聚合)，这将需要高效和集中的数据存储。在未来,分类学研究将比现在更需要专业实验室的合作努力。这些未来的发展是否会保证更稳定的共识分类仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
