PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Research evidence suggests gender-based differences in the extent and experiences of academic leaders across the globe even in developed countries like USA, UK, and Canada. The under-representation is particularly common in higher education organizations, including medical and dental schools. The current study aimed to investigate gender-based distribution and explore leaders\' experiences in the medical and dental institutes in a developing country, Pakistan.
METHODS: A mixed-method approach was used. Gender-based distribution data of academic leaders in 28 colleges including 18 medical and 10 dental colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were collected. Qualitative data regarding the experiences of academic leaders (n = 10) was collected through semi-structured interviews followed by transcription and thematic analysis using standard procedures.
RESULTS: Gender-based disparities exist across all institutes with the greatest differences among the top-rank leadership level (principals/deans) where 84.5% of the positions were occupied by males. The gender gap was relatively narrow at mid-level leadership positions reaching up to as high as > 40% of female leaders in medical/dental education. The qualitative analysis found gender-based differences in the experiences under four themes: leadership attributes, leadership journey, challenges, and support.
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that women are not only significantly under-represented in leadership positions in medical and dental colleges in Pakistan, they also face gender-based discrimination and struggling to maintain a decent work life balance. These findings are critical and can have important implications for government, organizations, human resource managers, and policymakers in terms of enacting laws, proposing regulations, and establishing support mechanisms to improve gender-based balance and help current and aspiring leaders in their leadership journey.
METHODS: A mixed-method approach was used. Gender-based distribution data of academic leaders in 28 colleges including 18 medical and 10 dental colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were collected. Qualitative data regarding the experiences of academic leaders (n = 10) was collected through semi-structured interviews followed by transcription and thematic analysis using standard procedures.
RESULTS: Gender-based disparities exist across all institutes with the greatest differences among the top-rank leadership level (principals/deans) where 84.5% of the positions were occupied by males. The gender gap was relatively narrow at mid-level leadership positions reaching up to as high as > 40% of female leaders in medical/dental education. The qualitative analysis found gender-based differences in the experiences under four themes: leadership attributes, leadership journey, challenges, and support.
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that women are not only significantly under-represented in leadership positions in medical and dental colleges in Pakistan, they also face gender-based discrimination and struggling to maintain a decent work life balance. These findings are critical and can have important implications for government, organizations, human resource managers, and policymakers in terms of enacting laws, proposing regulations, and establishing support mechanisms to improve gender-based balance and help current and aspiring leaders in their leadership journey.
摘要：
背景：研究证据表明，即使在美国等发达国家，全球学术领导者的程度和经验也存在性别差异。英国,和加拿大。代表性不足在高等教育组织中尤为普遍，包括医学院和牙科学校。当前的研究旨在调查基于性别的分布，并探索发展中国家医疗和牙科机构的领导者经验，巴基斯坦。
方法：采用混合方法。包括开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省18所医学院和10所牙科学院在内的28所学院的学术带头人基于性别的分布数据，巴基斯坦被收集。通过半结构化访谈收集有关学术领导者（n=10）经验的定性数据，然后使用标准程序进行转录和主题分析。
结果：所有学院都存在基于性别的差异，最高领导级别（校长/院长）之间的差异最大，其中84.5％的职位由男性担任。在中层领导职位上，性别差距相对较小，在医疗/牙科教育中，女性领导者高达40％以上。定性分析在四个主题下发现了基于性别的经验差异：领导属性，领导力之旅,挑战,和支持。
结论：研究表明，在巴基斯坦的医学院和牙科学院中，女性在领导岗位上的比例不仅明显不足，他们还面临基于性别的歧视，并努力维持体面的工作生活平衡。这些发现至关重要，可能对政府产生重要影响，组织,人力资源经理,和制定法律的政策制定者，提出规章,并建立支持机制，以改善基于性别的平衡，并帮助现任和有抱负的领导人走上领导之路。
方法：采用混合方法。包括开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省18所医学院和10所牙科学院在内的28所学院的学术带头人基于性别的分布数据，巴基斯坦被收集。通过半结构化访谈收集有关学术领导者（n=10）经验的定性数据，然后使用标准程序进行转录和主题分析。
结果：所有学院都存在基于性别的差异，最高领导级别（校长/院长）之间的差异最大，其中84.5％的职位由男性担任。在中层领导职位上，性别差距相对较小，在医疗/牙科教育中，女性领导者高达40％以上。定性分析在四个主题下发现了基于性别的经验差异：领导属性，领导力之旅,挑战,和支持。
结论：研究表明，在巴基斯坦的医学院和牙科学院中，女性在领导岗位上的比例不仅明显不足，他们还面临基于性别的歧视，并努力维持体面的工作生活平衡。这些发现至关重要，可能对政府产生重要影响，组织,人力资源经理,和制定法律的政策制定者，提出规章,并建立支持机制，以改善基于性别的平衡，并帮助现任和有抱负的领导人走上领导之路。
