Abstract：
Poultry-associated salmonellosis results in significant costs to poultry producers and consumers. Given the vertically integrated nature of the United States poultry industry, a better understanding of Salmonella ecology throughout all levels of poultry production is essential. One nexus point is the hatchery, where eggs from multiple broiler breeder farms are incubated and hatched, with the chicks being sent to numerous farms; therefore, the hatchery represents an ideal area to understand preharvest Salmonella ecology and flow. To achieve this, a commercial broiler hatchery was biomapped, focusing on Salmonella prevalence and serotype diversity among four major sample type categories (Air, Egg, Water, Facility) across five different places in the prehatch, hatch, and posthatch areas. Following two sets of eggs from broiler breeder farms over two production days, the overall Salmonella prevalence was 26% (48/184). Of the positive samples, the highest prevalence was observed in swabs taken from the floor drains in the facility and transport truck (56%), as well as in the hatch and posthatch hatchery areas (50%). Kentucky (n = 17), Gaminara (n = 12), and Alachua (n = 11) were the dominant Salmonella serotypes, with serotypes of greatest outbreak concern from chickens (Enteritidis) representing only 6.25% (3/48) of all recovered Salmonella isolates. The posthatch transport area, including the underfloor reservoirs of the transport trucks, not only harbored Enteritidis but also the enrichment broths from these Salmonella-positive samples also possessed sequences matching the commercial live-attenuated vaccine Typhimurium strain according to CRISPR SeroSeq analyses. These findings highlight the complex diversity of commercial hatchery Salmonella populations, including identifying facility floor drains and transport trucks as potentially important critical control points for hatchery managers to focus their Salmonella mitigation efforts to reduce loads and serotypes entering live production farms.
摘要：
与家禽相关的沙门氏菌病会给家禽生产者和消费者带来巨大的成本。鉴于美国家禽业的垂直一体化性质，在家禽生产的各个层面上，更好地了解沙门氏菌生态学至关重要。一个连接点是孵化场，在这里孵化和孵化来自多个肉鸡饲养场的鸡蛋，小鸡被送到许多农场；因此，孵化场是了解收获前沙门氏菌生态和流动的理想区域。为了实现这一点，一家商业肉鸡孵化场被生物激活，重点关注四个主要样本类型类别(空气，鸡蛋，水,设施)在孵化前的五个不同地方，舱口,和舱口后区域。在两个生产日期间，从肉鸡饲养场生产了两套鸡蛋，总的沙门氏菌患病率为26%(48/184).在阳性样本中，从设施和运输卡车的地漏取的棉签患病率最高(56%)，以及在舱口和舱口后孵化场区域(50%)。肯塔基州（n=17），Gaminara(n=12),和Alachua（n=11）是显性沙门氏菌血清型，在所有回收的沙门氏菌分离株中，鸡的血清型（肠炎）感染最严重，仅占6.25％（3/48）。舱口后运输区，包括运输卡车的地下水库，不仅藏有肠炎，但是根据CRISPRSeroSeq分析，这些沙门氏菌阳性样品的富集培养液也具有与商业减毒活疫苗鼠伤寒菌菌株相匹配的序列。这些发现突出了商业孵化场沙门氏菌种群的复杂多样性，包括确定设施地面排水沟和运输卡车作为孵化场管理人员的潜在重要关键控制点，以集中他们的沙门氏菌缓解工作，以减少负荷和血清型进入活生产农场。
