PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Households with children and minoritized racial and ethnic groups experience a disproportionate burden of food hardship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the US federal government implemented emergency allotments in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), increasing the amount of food purchasing assistance received by many participating households.
UNASSIGNED: To examine the association of implementing emergency allotments in SNAP with food hardship among households with children overall and for households with Black, Hispanic, and White children by comparing income-eligible households that did and did not participate in SNAP.
UNASSIGNED: This ecologic cross-sectional study used 2016-2022 National Survey of Children\'s Health data and a difference-in-differences approach to compare changes in the risk of food hardship from before implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP (2016-2019) to during implementation (2020-2022). Households with children younger than 18 years and incomes 130% or less of the federal poverty level (FPL) in all 50 states and Washington, DC, were included.
UNASSIGNED: Implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP.
UNASSIGNED: The primary outcome was caregiver report of household food hardship during the past 12 months.
UNASSIGNED: Of 44 753 households with incomes 130% or less of the FPL, a weighted 23.4% had Black children, 56.7% had White children, and 19.9% had children of other races. More than one-third of households (37.8%) had Hispanic children, and 31.8% had young children aged 0 to 5 years. The percentage of households that experienced food hardship decreased from 2016 to 2021 (from 62.9% to 48.2% among SNAP-participating households and from 44.3% to 38.9% among income-eligible nonparticipating households) but increased in 2022 (to 58.0% among SNAP-participating households and to 47.5% among nonparticipating households). Adjusting for confounders, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating compared with nonparticipating households (risk ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96). Implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating households with Hispanic (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.02) and White (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94) children compared with nonparticipating households but not among households with Black children (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.87-1.23).
UNASSIGNED: In this ecologic cross-sectional study, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among households with children. Efforts are needed to ensure that all populations benefit from economic policies.
UNASSIGNED: To examine the association of implementing emergency allotments in SNAP with food hardship among households with children overall and for households with Black, Hispanic, and White children by comparing income-eligible households that did and did not participate in SNAP.
UNASSIGNED: This ecologic cross-sectional study used 2016-2022 National Survey of Children\'s Health data and a difference-in-differences approach to compare changes in the risk of food hardship from before implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP (2016-2019) to during implementation (2020-2022). Households with children younger than 18 years and incomes 130% or less of the federal poverty level (FPL) in all 50 states and Washington, DC, were included.
UNASSIGNED: Implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP.
UNASSIGNED: The primary outcome was caregiver report of household food hardship during the past 12 months.
UNASSIGNED: Of 44 753 households with incomes 130% or less of the FPL, a weighted 23.4% had Black children, 56.7% had White children, and 19.9% had children of other races. More than one-third of households (37.8%) had Hispanic children, and 31.8% had young children aged 0 to 5 years. The percentage of households that experienced food hardship decreased from 2016 to 2021 (from 62.9% to 48.2% among SNAP-participating households and from 44.3% to 38.9% among income-eligible nonparticipating households) but increased in 2022 (to 58.0% among SNAP-participating households and to 47.5% among nonparticipating households). Adjusting for confounders, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating compared with nonparticipating households (risk ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96). Implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating households with Hispanic (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.02) and White (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94) children compared with nonparticipating households but not among households with Black children (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.87-1.23).
UNASSIGNED: In this ecologic cross-sectional study, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among households with children. Efforts are needed to ensure that all populations benefit from economic policies.
摘要：
■有孩子和少数民族的家庭经历了不成比例的食物困难负担。在COVID-19大流行期间，美国联邦政府在补充营养援助计划（SNAP）中实施了紧急拨款，增加许多参与家庭获得的食品购买援助的数量。
■为了研究在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与整体有孩子的家庭和黑人家庭的食物困难之间的关联，西班牙裔,通过比较参加和未参加SNAP的符合收入的家庭和白人儿童。
■这项生态横断面研究使用了2016-2022年全国儿童健康调查数据和差异差异方法，比较了SNAP实施前（2016-2019年）到实施期间（2020-2022年）的粮食困难风险变化。在所有50个州和华盛顿州，拥有18岁以下儿童且收入为联邦贫困水平（FPL）的130％或以下的家庭，DC,包括在内。
■在SNAP中实施紧急拨款。
■主要结果是护理人员报告过去12个月的家庭食物困难。
■在收入低于或等于FPL130%的44753户家庭中，加权的23.4%有黑人孩子，56.7%有白人儿童，19.9%有其他种族的孩子。超过三分之一的家庭（37.8%）有西班牙裔儿童，31.8%有0至5岁的幼儿。从2016年到2021年，经历粮食困难的家庭比例下降(SNAP参与家庭中从62.9%下降到48.2%，收入合格的非参与家庭中从44.3%下降到38.9%)，但在2022年上升(SNAP参与家庭中下降到58.0%，非参与家庭中下降到47.5%)。调整混杂因素，与未参与的家庭相比，在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与SNAP参与家庭的食物困难风险降低相关(风险比[RR]，0.88；95%CI，0.81-0.96）。在SNAP中实施紧急分配与SNAP参与的西班牙裔家庭中食物困难的风险降低有关（RR，0.86；95%CI，0.72-1.02）和白色（RR，0.85；95%CI，0.76-0.94)儿童与非参与家庭相比，但与有黑人儿童的家庭相比(RR，1.04；95%CI，0.87-1.23）。
■在这项生态横断面研究中，在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与有子女家庭的粮食困难风险降低相关.需要努力确保所有人口受益于经济政策。
■为了研究在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与整体有孩子的家庭和黑人家庭的食物困难之间的关联，西班牙裔,通过比较参加和未参加SNAP的符合收入的家庭和白人儿童。
■这项生态横断面研究使用了2016-2022年全国儿童健康调查数据和差异差异方法，比较了SNAP实施前（2016-2019年）到实施期间（2020-2022年）的粮食困难风险变化。在所有50个州和华盛顿州，拥有18岁以下儿童且收入为联邦贫困水平（FPL）的130％或以下的家庭，DC,包括在内。
■在SNAP中实施紧急拨款。
■主要结果是护理人员报告过去12个月的家庭食物困难。
■在收入低于或等于FPL130%的44753户家庭中，加权的23.4%有黑人孩子，56.7%有白人儿童，19.9%有其他种族的孩子。超过三分之一的家庭（37.8%）有西班牙裔儿童，31.8%有0至5岁的幼儿。从2016年到2021年，经历粮食困难的家庭比例下降(SNAP参与家庭中从62.9%下降到48.2%，收入合格的非参与家庭中从44.3%下降到38.9%)，但在2022年上升(SNAP参与家庭中下降到58.0%，非参与家庭中下降到47.5%)。调整混杂因素，与未参与的家庭相比，在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与SNAP参与家庭的食物困难风险降低相关(风险比[RR]，0.88；95%CI，0.81-0.96）。在SNAP中实施紧急分配与SNAP参与的西班牙裔家庭中食物困难的风险降低有关（RR，0.86；95%CI，0.72-1.02）和白色（RR，0.85；95%CI，0.76-0.94)儿童与非参与家庭相比，但与有黑人儿童的家庭相比(RR，1.04；95%CI，0.87-1.23）。
■在这项生态横断面研究中，在SNAP中实施紧急拨款与有子女家庭的粮食困难风险降低相关.需要努力确保所有人口受益于经济政策。
