Abstract：
Due to the widespread application in medicine and industry of anthropogenic gadolinium (Gdanth), the widespread of Gd anomaly in surface water has leading to disruption of the natural Gd geochemical cycle. However, challenges related to the identification and quantification of Gdanth, assessment of its impacts on marine ecosystems, and exploration of strategies for mitigating its adverse effects still exist. Meanwhile, as the major source of the Gdanth, the environmental geochemical behavior of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which are used in medical diagnostics in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are still poorly understood. In this review, we 1) analyzed Gd anomalies in samples from published literature worldwide, confirmed their prevalence (81.25% for sea and lake water, 72.73% for river water), 2) demonstrated that the third-order polynomial method is the preferred approach for the detection of Gdanth in surface seawater, 3) outlined the species and applications of Gdanth and its impacts on marine environment, 4) explored the process of GBCAs influx into the ocean and demonstrated the concentration of Gdanth in coral samples was mainly affected by terrestrial input GBCAs (63.75%) through Pearson correlation analysis and principle component analysis, 5) proposed effective management strategies for GBCAs at all stages from production to release into the ocean, 6) formulated an expectation for future research on marine Gdanth.
摘要：
由于人为钆（Gdanth）在医学和工业中的广泛应用，地表水中广泛的Gd异常导致自然Gd地球化学循环的破坏。然而,与Gdanth的识别和量化相关的挑战，评估其对海洋生态系统的影响，以及减轻其不利影响的策略探索仍然存在。同时,作为Gdanth的主要来源，基于Gd的造影剂（GBCA）的环境地球化学行为，用于磁共振成像（MRI）的医学诊断，仍然知之甚少。在这次审查中,我们1)分析了来自全球出版文献的样本中的Gd异常，证实了它们的患病率(海水和湖水为81.25%，72.73%为河水)，2)证明了三阶多项式方法是检测表层海水中Gdanth的首选方法，3）概述了Gdanth的种类和应用及其对海洋环境的影响，4）探索了GBCAs流入海洋的过程，通过皮尔逊相关分析和主成分分析，证明珊瑚样品中Gdanth的浓度主要受陆地输入GBCAs的影响（63.75％），5)为GBCA从生产到释放到海洋的各个阶段提出了有效的管理策略，6）对海洋Gdanth的未来研究提出了期望。
