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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The widespread use of radiofrequency (RF) sources, ranging from household appliances to telecommunications devices and military equipment, raises concerns among people and regulatory agencies about the potential health risks of RF exposure. Consequently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been done to investigate the biological effects, in particular non-thermal, of this non-ionizing radiation. To date, this issue is still being debated due to the controversial results that have been reported. Furthermore, the impact of different RF signal modulations on biological systems remains poorly investigated. The present in vitro study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of continuous or pulsed 1.6 GHz RF in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF).
UNASSIGNED: HDF cultures were exposed to continuous and pulsed 1.6 GHz RF, for 2 h, with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 0.4 W/kg. The potential biological effects of 1.6 GHz RF on HDF were assessed with a multi-methodological approach, analyzing the effects on cell cycle, ultrastructure, protein expression, mitotic spindle, CREST stained micronuclei, chromosome segregation and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci.
UNASSIGNED: 1.6 GHz RF exposure modified proteins expression and morphology of HDF. Specifically, the expression of different heat-shock proteins (HSP) (i.e., HSP-90, HSP-60, and HSP-25) and phospho-AKT were affected. In addition, both continuous and pulsed RF modified the cytoskeletal organization in HDF and increased the number of lysosomes, while the formation of autophagosomes was observed only after pulsed RF exposure. Mitotic spindle anomalies were also found after exposure. However, no significant effect was observed on cell cycle, chromosome segregation, CREST-stained micronuclei and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci.
UNASSIGNED: The results of the present study show the absence of genotoxic damage in 1.6 GHz RF exposed HDF and, although mitotic spindle alterations were observed, they did not have an aneugenic effect. On the other hand, changes in some proteins expression and cell ultrastructure in exposed HDF suggest that RF can potentially induce cell alterations at the morphological and molecular levels.
UNASSIGNED: HDF cultures were exposed to continuous and pulsed 1.6 GHz RF, for 2 h, with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 0.4 W/kg. The potential biological effects of 1.6 GHz RF on HDF were assessed with a multi-methodological approach, analyzing the effects on cell cycle, ultrastructure, protein expression, mitotic spindle, CREST stained micronuclei, chromosome segregation and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci.
UNASSIGNED: 1.6 GHz RF exposure modified proteins expression and morphology of HDF. Specifically, the expression of different heat-shock proteins (HSP) (i.e., HSP-90, HSP-60, and HSP-25) and phospho-AKT were affected. In addition, both continuous and pulsed RF modified the cytoskeletal organization in HDF and increased the number of lysosomes, while the formation of autophagosomes was observed only after pulsed RF exposure. Mitotic spindle anomalies were also found after exposure. However, no significant effect was observed on cell cycle, chromosome segregation, CREST-stained micronuclei and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci.
UNASSIGNED: The results of the present study show the absence of genotoxic damage in 1.6 GHz RF exposed HDF and, although mitotic spindle alterations were observed, they did not have an aneugenic effect. On the other hand, changes in some proteins expression and cell ultrastructure in exposed HDF suggest that RF can potentially induce cell alterations at the morphological and molecular levels.
摘要：
■射频（RF）源的广泛使用，从家用电器到电信设备和军事装备，引起人们和监管机构对RF暴露的潜在健康风险的担忧。因此,已经进行了一些体外和体内研究，以研究其生物学效应，特别是非热的，这种非电离辐射。迄今为止,由于已经报道了有争议的结果，这个问题仍在辩论中。此外，不同的射频信号调制对生物系统的影响仍然缺乏研究。本体外研究旨在评估人真皮成纤维细胞（HDF）中连续或脉冲1.6GHzRF的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。
■HDF培养物暴露于连续和脉冲的1.6GHz射频，2小时，与0.4W/kg的比吸收率（SAR）。1.6GHz射频对HDF的潜在生物学效应采用多方法学方法进行了评估，分析对细胞周期的影响，超微结构，蛋白质表达，有丝分裂纺锤体，CREST染色的微核，染色体分离和γ-H2AX/53BP1灶。
■1.6GHzRF暴露修饰了HDF的蛋白质表达和形态。具体来说,不同热休克蛋白(HSP)的表达(即HSP-90，HSP-60和HSP-25）和磷酸-AKT受到影响。此外,连续和脉冲RF都改变了HDF中的细胞骨架组织并增加了溶酶体的数量，而自噬体的形成仅在脉冲RF暴露后观察到。暴露后还发现有丝分裂纺锤体异常。然而,对细胞周期没有显著影响，染色体分离,CREST染色的微核和γ-H2AX/53BP1灶。
■本研究的结果表明，在1.6GHz射频暴露的HDF中没有基因毒性损伤，尽管观察到有丝分裂纺锤体改变，它们没有不良作用。另一方面,暴露的HDF中某些蛋白质表达和细胞超微结构的变化表明，RF可能在形态和分子水平上诱导细胞改变。
■HDF培养物暴露于连续和脉冲的1.6GHz射频，2小时，与0.4W/kg的比吸收率（SAR）。1.6GHz射频对HDF的潜在生物学效应采用多方法学方法进行了评估，分析对细胞周期的影响，超微结构，蛋白质表达，有丝分裂纺锤体，CREST染色的微核，染色体分离和γ-H2AX/53BP1灶。
■1.6GHzRF暴露修饰了HDF的蛋白质表达和形态。具体来说,不同热休克蛋白(HSP)的表达(即HSP-90，HSP-60和HSP-25）和磷酸-AKT受到影响。此外,连续和脉冲RF都改变了HDF中的细胞骨架组织并增加了溶酶体的数量，而自噬体的形成仅在脉冲RF暴露后观察到。暴露后还发现有丝分裂纺锤体异常。然而,对细胞周期没有显著影响，染色体分离,CREST染色的微核和γ-H2AX/53BP1灶。
■本研究的结果表明，在1.6GHz射频暴露的HDF中没有基因毒性损伤，尽管观察到有丝分裂纺锤体改变，它们没有不良作用。另一方面,暴露的HDF中某些蛋白质表达和细胞超微结构的变化表明，RF可能在形态和分子水平上诱导细胞改变。
