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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that greatly impacts the real-world functioning of patients. In India, caregivers are primarily responsible for their patients and function as their support system, often taking treatment decisions on their behalf. However, they may have insufficient knowledge of the illness, which can have a negative impact on their roles as effective caregivers. The knowledge of schizophrenia and its associations among caregivers has received very little research attention.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the knowledge of mental illness and its socio-demographic and psychosocial associations among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The objectives were to assess the knowledge of mental illness and its treatment in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, to assess the socio-demographic and clinical associations of this knowledge, and to assess the caregivers\' psychosocial variables associated with this knowledge.
METHODS: This cross-sectional observational data was taken from a larger study carried out between August 2018 and January 2021 at an urban tertiary care hospital in the capital city of India. One hundred fifty-eight patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers (n=158) were taken using purposive sampling. Knowledge of Mental Illness Scale was used to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of the illness and its treatment among caregivers. Caregivers coming to this institution in New Delhi were also assessed with respect to their demographic variables, caregiving experience, family functioning, coping strategies, available social support, psychological distress, quality of life, and spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs. The assessment also included demographic and clinical variables of the patients.
RESULTS: Caregivers possessed relatively greater knowledge regarding the medication being taken (52.5%), its side effects (38%), and the diagnosis (36.1%). However, their knowledge was poorer with respect to the meaning and implications of the diagnosis (21.5%) and the purpose of the medication (10.1%). In multivariate regression analysis of these five domains with socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables; the knowledge of the diagnosis was associated with a family history of psychiatric illness in a second-degree relative, the total duration of treatment, and stigma in caregivers. The meaning of the diagnosis was associated with the environmental domain of quality of life and positive symptoms of the patient. Knowledge of medication was associated with the number of patient hospitalizations, caregivers supervising medications, caregiver age, and the total duration of illness. Knowledge of the purpose of medication was associated with the total duration of illness and patient positive symptoms. Knowledge of medication side effects was associated with the roles domain of family functioning, positive caregiving experience, patient negative symptoms, and the acceptance/redefinition domain of coping.
CONCLUSIONS: A range of associations were examined in this study. Correct knowledge of schizophrenia is necessary to promote timely help-seeking, preventing a longer duration of untreated psychosis and a poor prognosis. In research, knowledge of illness is a construct with immense potential applicability. In patient care, this knowledge may help caregivers participate in treatment planning, improve patient functioning, and support their patients toward better functional outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the knowledge of mental illness and its socio-demographic and psychosocial associations among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The objectives were to assess the knowledge of mental illness and its treatment in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, to assess the socio-demographic and clinical associations of this knowledge, and to assess the caregivers\' psychosocial variables associated with this knowledge.
METHODS: This cross-sectional observational data was taken from a larger study carried out between August 2018 and January 2021 at an urban tertiary care hospital in the capital city of India. One hundred fifty-eight patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers (n=158) were taken using purposive sampling. Knowledge of Mental Illness Scale was used to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of the illness and its treatment among caregivers. Caregivers coming to this institution in New Delhi were also assessed with respect to their demographic variables, caregiving experience, family functioning, coping strategies, available social support, psychological distress, quality of life, and spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs. The assessment also included demographic and clinical variables of the patients.
RESULTS: Caregivers possessed relatively greater knowledge regarding the medication being taken (52.5%), its side effects (38%), and the diagnosis (36.1%). However, their knowledge was poorer with respect to the meaning and implications of the diagnosis (21.5%) and the purpose of the medication (10.1%). In multivariate regression analysis of these five domains with socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables; the knowledge of the diagnosis was associated with a family history of psychiatric illness in a second-degree relative, the total duration of treatment, and stigma in caregivers. The meaning of the diagnosis was associated with the environmental domain of quality of life and positive symptoms of the patient. Knowledge of medication was associated with the number of patient hospitalizations, caregivers supervising medications, caregiver age, and the total duration of illness. Knowledge of the purpose of medication was associated with the total duration of illness and patient positive symptoms. Knowledge of medication side effects was associated with the roles domain of family functioning, positive caregiving experience, patient negative symptoms, and the acceptance/redefinition domain of coping.
CONCLUSIONS: A range of associations were examined in this study. Correct knowledge of schizophrenia is necessary to promote timely help-seeking, preventing a longer duration of untreated psychosis and a poor prognosis. In research, knowledge of illness is a construct with immense potential applicability. In patient care, this knowledge may help caregivers participate in treatment planning, improve patient functioning, and support their patients toward better functional outcomes.
摘要：
背景：精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，极大地影响患者的现实世界功能。在印度,护理人员主要对患者负责，并作为他们的支持系统，经常代表他们做出治疗决定。然而,他们可能对这种疾病了解不足，这可能会对他们作为有效护理人员的角色产生负面影响。精神分裂症的知识及其在护理人员中的关联很少受到研究关注。
目的：研究精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神疾病的认知及其社会人口统计学和心理社会关联。目的是评估精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神疾病及其治疗的知识，为了评估这些知识的社会人口统计学和临床关联，并评估护理人员与这些知识相关的心理社会变量。
方法：该横断面观察数据来自2018年8月至2021年1月在印度首都城市三级保健医院进行的一项更大的研究。使用目的性抽样抽取了158名精神分裂症患者及其护理人员（n=158）。使用精神疾病知识量表评估护理人员对疾病及其治疗的知识和理解。来到新德里这个机构的看护人也被评估了他们的人口变量，护理经验，家庭功能,应对策略，可用的社会支持，心理困扰,生活质量,和精神，宗教,和个人信仰。评估还包括患者的人口统计学和临床变量。
结果：护理人员对所服用药物的了解相对较多（52.5%），副作用（38%），和诊断（36.1％）。然而,在诊断的含义和含义(21.5%)和药物治疗的目的(10.1%)方面,他们的知识较差.在这五个领域与社会人口统计学的多元回归分析中，临床,和心理社会变量；诊断知识与二级亲属的精神疾病家族史有关，治疗的总持续时间，和照顾者的耻辱。诊断的意义与患者的生活质量和阳性症状的环境领域有关。药物知识与住院患者数量相关，护理人员监督药物，照顾者年龄,以及疾病的总持续时间。对药物治疗目的的了解与疾病的总持续时间和患者阳性症状有关。了解药物副作用与家庭功能的作用领域有关，积极的护理经验，患者阴性症状,以及应对的接受/重新定义域。
结论：本研究检查了一系列关联。正确认识精神分裂症,促进及时求助,预防长期未治疗的精神病和不良预后。在研究中,疾病知识是一种具有巨大潜在适用性的结构。在病人护理中,这些知识可以帮助护理人员参与治疗计划，改善患者功能，并支持患者获得更好的功能结果。
目的：研究精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神疾病的认知及其社会人口统计学和心理社会关联。目的是评估精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神疾病及其治疗的知识，为了评估这些知识的社会人口统计学和临床关联，并评估护理人员与这些知识相关的心理社会变量。
方法：该横断面观察数据来自2018年8月至2021年1月在印度首都城市三级保健医院进行的一项更大的研究。使用目的性抽样抽取了158名精神分裂症患者及其护理人员（n=158）。使用精神疾病知识量表评估护理人员对疾病及其治疗的知识和理解。来到新德里这个机构的看护人也被评估了他们的人口变量，护理经验，家庭功能,应对策略，可用的社会支持，心理困扰,生活质量,和精神，宗教,和个人信仰。评估还包括患者的人口统计学和临床变量。
结果：护理人员对所服用药物的了解相对较多（52.5%），副作用（38%），和诊断（36.1％）。然而,在诊断的含义和含义(21.5%)和药物治疗的目的(10.1%)方面,他们的知识较差.在这五个领域与社会人口统计学的多元回归分析中，临床,和心理社会变量；诊断知识与二级亲属的精神疾病家族史有关，治疗的总持续时间，和照顾者的耻辱。诊断的意义与患者的生活质量和阳性症状的环境领域有关。药物知识与住院患者数量相关，护理人员监督药物，照顾者年龄,以及疾病的总持续时间。对药物治疗目的的了解与疾病的总持续时间和患者阳性症状有关。了解药物副作用与家庭功能的作用领域有关，积极的护理经验，患者阴性症状,以及应对的接受/重新定义域。
结论：本研究检查了一系列关联。正确认识精神分裂症,促进及时求助,预防长期未治疗的精神病和不良预后。在研究中,疾病知识是一种具有巨大潜在适用性的结构。在病人护理中,这些知识可以帮助护理人员参与治疗计划，改善患者功能，并支持患者获得更好的功能结果。
