PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study evaluated the impact of differential sowing windows and improved weed management strategies on weed dynamics, productivity, and economic viability of direct drum seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the temperate agro-ecosystem of Kashmir. A two-year field experiment was conducted utilizing a split-plot design with two sowing dates (May 10 and June 3) as main plots and six weed management practices as sub-plots. The earlier sowing date (May 10) resulted in significantly enhanced leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and grain and straw yields compared to the later sowing (June 3). Among weed management treatments, four mechanized conoweedings (equivalent to weed-free conditions) and sequential application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (60 and 600 g a.i. ha-1) as pre-emergence followed by 2,4-D (0.75 kg a.i. ha-1) as post-emergence demonstrated superior efficacy in weed suppression and augmentation of crop growth parameters and yield attributes. These treatments also exhibited the lowest weed index and highest benefit-cost ratio. The May 10 sowing, coupled with efficacious weed control measures, significantly reduced weed density and biomass while concomitantly improving nutrient uptake and economic returns. The results indicate that adopting a May 10 sowing date for direct seeded rice, in conjunction with either four conoweedings or the aforementioned sequential herbicide application, can optimize agronomic productivity and economic profitability under the temperate conditions of Kashmir. The study aided in choosing the best sowing window and efficient weed management strategy for attaining higher productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice in temperate conditions.
摘要：
这项研究评估了不同播种窗口和改进的杂草管理策略对杂草动态的影响，生产力,克什米尔温带农业生态系统中直接鼓播水稻（OryzasativaL.）的经济可行性。进行了为期两年的田间试验，采用两个播种日期（5月10日和6月3日）作为主要地块，六个杂草管理实践作为子地块。较早的播期(5月10日)导致叶面积指数显著提高,作物生长速率，相对增长率，净同化率，与播种后期(6月3日)相比，谷物和秸秆产量。在杂草管理治疗中，四个机械化的conoweedings（相当于无杂草条件）和顺序施用苄磺隆（60和600ga.i.ha-1）作为出苗前，然后是2,4-D（0.75kga.i.ha-1）作为出苗后，在杂草抑制和增加作物生长参数和产量属性方面表现出优异的效果。这些处理还表现出最低的杂草指数和最高的效益成本比。5月10日播种，加上有效的杂草控制措施，显著降低杂草密度和生物量，同时提高养分吸收和经济效益。结果表明，直播水稻采用5月10日播期，与四次共同接种或上述连续施用除草剂相结合，可以在克什米尔温带条件下优化农业生产力和经济盈利能力。该研究有助于选择最佳播种窗口和有效的杂草管理策略，以在温带条件下实现直播水稻的更高生产率和盈利能力。
