UNASSIGNED: We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among N=1,433 Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants.
UNASSIGNED: We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture odds ratio(OR)=1.57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB β=0.78 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB β=0.85 (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted β=-0.57; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.05). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
■我们调查了各个酚之间的关联,对羟基苯甲酸酯,以及它们在母体血压测量中的混合物,包括收缩压和舒张压(SBP和DBP)以及妊娠期高血压(定义为1期或2期高血压),在N=1,433名波多黎各保护研究参与者中。
■我们使用线性混合模型(LMM)在怀孕期间的两个时间点(妊娠16-20和24-28周)和纵向检查了这些关系。最后,我们使用分位数g-计算来检验混合效应对连续(SBP,DBP)和二元(妊娠期高血压)血压结果。
■我们观察到在怀孕期间暴露于多种分析物和整体混合物[包括双酚A(BPA)的情况下,高血压的几率更高。双酚S(BPS),三碳碳(TCC),三氯生(TCS),二苯甲酮-3(BP-3),2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP),2,5-二氯苯酚(2,5-DCP),对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(M-PB),对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(P-PB),对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(B-PB),和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(E-PB)],尤其是在妊娠24-28周,调整后的混合比值比(OR)=1.57(95%CI:1.03,2.38)。较低的SBP和较高的DBP也与单个分析物相关,对于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(M-PB)或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(P-PB)的LMM结果最一致,并且整个妊娠期间DBP增加[调整后的M-PBβ=0.78(95%CI:0.17,1.38)和调整后的P-PBβ=0.85(95%CI:0.19,1.51)]和BPA,与SBP降低相关(校正后β=-0.57;95%CI:-1.09,-0.05)。与其他文献一致,我们还发现了胎儿性别效应改变的证据,在仅携带女性胎儿的参与者中,观察到总暴露混合物与第1次访视时的SBP之间存在强烈的负相关。
■我们的研究结果表明,苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露可能共同增加妊娠期1或2期高血压的风险,这对胎儿和产妇的健康具有重要意义。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.