PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among N=1,433 Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants.
UNASSIGNED: We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture odds ratio(OR)=1.57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB β=0.78 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB β=0.85 (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted β=-0.57; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.05). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among N=1,433 Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants.
UNASSIGNED: We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture odds ratio(OR)=1.57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB β=0.78 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB β=0.85 (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted β=-0.57; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.05). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
摘要：
苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯是两类高产量化学品，广泛用于消费和个人护理产品，与生殖伤害和妊娠并发症有关。如先兆子痫和妊娠期糖尿病。然而,研究它们对产妇血压和妊娠期高血压的影响的研究是有限的。
■我们调查了各个酚之间的关联，对羟基苯甲酸酯,以及它们在母体血压测量中的混合物，包括收缩压和舒张压（SBP和DBP）以及妊娠期高血压（定义为1期或2期高血压），在N=1,433名波多黎各保护研究参与者中。
■我们使用线性混合模型（LMM）在怀孕期间的两个时间点（妊娠16-20和24-28周）和纵向检查了这些关系。最后,我们使用分位数g-计算来检验混合效应对连续(SBP，DBP）和二元（妊娠期高血压）血压结果。
■我们观察到在怀孕期间暴露于多种分析物和整体混合物[包括双酚A（BPA）的情况下，高血压的几率更高。双酚S(BPS),三碳碳(TCC),三氯生(TCS),二苯甲酮-3(BP-3),2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP),2,5-二氯苯酚(2,5-DCP),对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（M-PB），对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（P-PB），对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（B-PB），和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（E-PB）]，尤其是在妊娠24-28周，调整后的混合比值比（OR）=1.57（95%CI：1.03，2.38）。较低的SBP和较高的DBP也与单个分析物相关，对于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（M-PB）或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（P-PB）的LMM结果最一致，并且整个妊娠期间DBP增加[调整后的M-PBβ=0.78（95％CI：0.17，1.38）和调整后的P-PBβ=0.85（95％CI：0.19，1.51）]和BPA，与SBP降低相关(校正后β=-0.57;95%CI:-1.09,-0.05)。与其他文献一致，我们还发现了胎儿性别效应改变的证据，在仅携带女性胎儿的参与者中，观察到总暴露混合物与第1次访视时的SBP之间存在强烈的负相关。
■我们的研究结果表明，苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露可能共同增加妊娠期1或2期高血压的风险，这对胎儿和产妇的健康具有重要意义。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
■我们调查了各个酚之间的关联，对羟基苯甲酸酯,以及它们在母体血压测量中的混合物，包括收缩压和舒张压（SBP和DBP）以及妊娠期高血压（定义为1期或2期高血压），在N=1,433名波多黎各保护研究参与者中。
■我们使用线性混合模型（LMM）在怀孕期间的两个时间点（妊娠16-20和24-28周）和纵向检查了这些关系。最后,我们使用分位数g-计算来检验混合效应对连续(SBP，DBP）和二元（妊娠期高血压）血压结果。
■我们观察到在怀孕期间暴露于多种分析物和整体混合物[包括双酚A（BPA）的情况下，高血压的几率更高。双酚S(BPS),三碳碳(TCC),三氯生(TCS),二苯甲酮-3(BP-3),2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP),2,5-二氯苯酚(2,5-DCP),对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（M-PB），对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（P-PB），对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（B-PB），和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（E-PB）]，尤其是在妊娠24-28周，调整后的混合比值比（OR）=1.57（95%CI：1.03，2.38）。较低的SBP和较高的DBP也与单个分析物相关，对于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（M-PB）或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（P-PB）的LMM结果最一致，并且整个妊娠期间DBP增加[调整后的M-PBβ=0.78（95％CI：0.17，1.38）和调整后的P-PBβ=0.85（95％CI：0.19，1.51）]和BPA，与SBP降低相关(校正后β=-0.57;95%CI:-1.09,-0.05)。与其他文献一致，我们还发现了胎儿性别效应改变的证据，在仅携带女性胎儿的参与者中，观察到总暴露混合物与第1次访视时的SBP之间存在强烈的负相关。
■我们的研究结果表明，苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露可能共同增加妊娠期1或2期高血压的风险，这对胎儿和产妇的健康具有重要意义。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
