Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Occurrence of low blood taurine concentrations (B-TauC) and predisposing factors to taurine deficiency in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) are incompletely understood.
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the occurrence of low B-TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B-TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.
METHODS: One-hundred eighty privately owned ECS.
METHODS: Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine- (D-TauC), cysteine- (D-CysC), and methionine concentrations (D-MetC).
RESULTS: Fifty-three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B-TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B-TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B-TauC in the final multivariable regression model (P < .001, R2 adj = .39).
CONCLUSIONS: Low B-TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D-MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B-TauC. Dogs with B-TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the occurrence of low B-TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B-TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.
METHODS: One-hundred eighty privately owned ECS.
METHODS: Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine- (D-TauC), cysteine- (D-CysC), and methionine concentrations (D-MetC).
RESULTS: Fifty-three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B-TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B-TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B-TauC in the final multivariable regression model (P < .001, R2 adj = .39).
CONCLUSIONS: Low B-TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D-MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B-TauC. Dogs with B-TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.
摘要：
背景：英国可卡犬（ECS）的低牛磺酸浓度（B-TauC）和牛磺酸缺乏的诱发因素尚未完全了解。
目的：调查瑞典ECS人群中低B-TauC的发生情况，并评估B-TauC与狗特征之间的关联，临床变量，和饮食组成。
方法：一百八十个私有ECS。
方法：前瞻性招募狗并进行体格检查，血液分析,超声心动图和眼科检查。具有充血性心力衰竭（CHF）临床体征的狗也接受了胸部X线摄影。分析血浆(EDTA和肝素)和全血中的牛磺酸浓度。分析狗在检查时消耗的饮食中的饮食牛磺酸-（D-TauC），半胱氨酸-（D-CysC），和蛋氨酸浓度(D-MetC)。
结果：180只狗中有53只（29％）的B-TauC较低，其中13只（25％）狗有CHF的临床和影像学征象，超声心动图左心室（LV）尺寸和体积增加，左心室收缩功能受损。具有低B-TauC的五只(9%)狗具有视网膜异常。膳食MetC,膳食动物蛋白来源（红肉/白肉），在最终的多变量回归模型中，年龄与B-TauC相关（P<.001，R2adj=.39）。
结论：低B-TauC提示牛磺酸缺乏可能在ECS的心肌衰竭和CHF的发展中起作用。低D-MetC和以红肉为动物蛋白质来源的饮食与低B-TauC相关。B-TauC低于正常参考范围的狗比正常浓度的狗年龄大。
目的：调查瑞典ECS人群中低B-TauC的发生情况，并评估B-TauC与狗特征之间的关联，临床变量，和饮食组成。
方法：一百八十个私有ECS。
方法：前瞻性招募狗并进行体格检查，血液分析,超声心动图和眼科检查。具有充血性心力衰竭（CHF）临床体征的狗也接受了胸部X线摄影。分析血浆(EDTA和肝素)和全血中的牛磺酸浓度。分析狗在检查时消耗的饮食中的饮食牛磺酸-（D-TauC），半胱氨酸-（D-CysC），和蛋氨酸浓度(D-MetC)。
结果：180只狗中有53只（29％）的B-TauC较低，其中13只（25％）狗有CHF的临床和影像学征象，超声心动图左心室（LV）尺寸和体积增加，左心室收缩功能受损。具有低B-TauC的五只(9%)狗具有视网膜异常。膳食MetC,膳食动物蛋白来源（红肉/白肉），在最终的多变量回归模型中，年龄与B-TauC相关（P<.001，R2adj=.39）。
结论：低B-TauC提示牛磺酸缺乏可能在ECS的心肌衰竭和CHF的发展中起作用。低D-MetC和以红肉为动物蛋白质来源的饮食与低B-TauC相关。B-TauC低于正常参考范围的狗比正常浓度的狗年龄大。
