Abstract：
The interaction and combination of nanoplastics with microorganisms, enzymes, plant proteins, and other substances have garnered considerable attention in current research. This study specifically examined the interaction and biological effects of NPs and proteins. The findings indicated that the presence of externally wrapped proteins alters the original morphology and surface roughness of nanoplastics, leading to the formation of unevenly distributed coronas on the surface. This confirms that nanoplastics can interact with proteins to form protein coronas. The study characterized the adsorption behavior of bacterial proteins on unmodified, amino-modified, and carboxyl-modified nanoplastics using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, showing that the adsorption process of the three nanoplastics on bacterial proteins was mainly controlled by chemisorption. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a higher binding affinity of unmodified nanoplastics. Nearly 40 % of the proteins in the protein corona of unmodified NPs are involved in metabolite production and electron transport processes. Nearly 50 % of the proteins in the protein corona of amino-modified NPs are involved in cellular metabolic processes, followed by enzymes that carry out redox reactions. The protein corona of carboxyl-modified NPs has the highest number of proteins involved in metabolic pathways, followed by proteins involved in energy-electron transfer. The formation of protein coronas on NPs with different surface modifications can reduce the toxicity of nanoplastics to bacteria to a certain extent compared to pure nanoplastics, especially amino-modified NPs, which show a significant increase in bacterial survival. The formation of protein coronas on NPs leads to varying degrees of decrease in bacterial ROS and MDA generation, with amino-modified NPs showing the most reduction; SOD and CAT exhibit varying degrees of increase and decrease. These findings not only advance our understanding of the biological impacts of NPs but also provide a basis for future in-depth investigations into the pathways of NP contamination in real environments.
摘要：
纳米塑料与微生物的相互作用和结合，酶，植物蛋白，和其他物质在当前的研究中引起了相当大的关注。这项研究专门检查了NP和蛋白质的相互作用和生物学效应。研究结果表明，外部包裹的蛋白质的存在改变了纳米塑料的原始形态和表面粗糙度，导致在表面上形成不均匀分布的日冕。这证实了纳米塑料可以与蛋白质相互作用以形成蛋白质电晕。该研究表征了细菌蛋白质在未修饰的细菌上的吸附行为，氨基修饰,以及使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型进行羧基改性的纳米塑料，表明三种纳米塑料在细菌蛋白上的吸附过程主要受化学吸附控制。荧光光谱显示未改性的纳米塑料具有更高的结合亲和力。未修饰的NP的蛋白质冠中的近40%的蛋白质参与代谢物产生和电子传递过程。近50％的蛋白质在蛋白质冠的氨基修饰的NP参与细胞代谢过程，其次是进行氧化还原反应的酶。羧基修饰的NP的蛋白质冠具有参与代谢途径的最高数量的蛋白质，其次是参与能量-电子转移的蛋白质。与纯纳米塑料相比，在经过不同表面修饰的NPs上形成蛋白质冠可以在一定程度上降低纳米塑料对细菌的毒性，特别是氨基修饰的NP，这表明细菌存活率显著增加。NPs上蛋白冠的形成导致细菌ROS和MDA生成不同程度的减少,氨基修饰的NPs减少最多；SOD和CAT表现出不同程度的增加和减少。这些发现不仅促进了我们对NP的生物学影响的理解，而且为未来对现实环境中NP污染途径的深入研究提供了基础。
