PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Dioxin-like chemicals are a group of ubiquitous environmental toxicants that received intense attention in the last two decades of the 20th century. Through extensive mechanistic research and validation, the global community has agreed upon a regulatory strategy for these chemicals that centers on their common additive activation of a single receptor. Applying these regulations has led to decreased exposure in most populations studied. As dioxin-like chemicals moved out of the limelight, research and media attention has turned to other concerning contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). During the 20th century, PFAS were also being quietly emitted into the environment, but only in the last 20 years have we realized the serious threat they pose to health. There is active debate about how to appropriately classify and regulate the thousands of known PFAS and finding a solution for these \"forever chemicals\" is of the utmost urgency.
UNASSIGNED: Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS.
UNASSIGNED: The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.
UNASSIGNED: Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS.
UNASSIGNED: The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.
摘要：
■类二恶英化学物质是一组普遍存在的环境毒物，在20世纪的最后二十年受到了广泛关注。通过广泛的机械研究和验证，全球社会已经就这些化学品的监管策略达成了一致，该策略以它们对单一受体的共同加成激活为中心。应用这些法规导致大多数研究人群的暴露减少。当类似二恶英的化学物质走出聚光灯时，研究和媒体的注意力已经转向其他有关的污染物，包括全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)。在20世纪,PFAS也被悄悄地排放到环境中，但是只有在过去的20年中，我们才意识到它们对健康构成的严重威胁。关于如何对数千种已知的PFAS进行适当的分类和监管，存在着积极的争论，为这些“永远的化学物质”找到解决方案是当务之急。
■这里，我们比较二恶英类化学品和PFAS的重要特征，包括历史,作用机制,和有效的上游监管策略，目的是收集过去的洞察力，以改进解决PFAS的策略。
■这两种化学品类别之间的差异意味着二恶英类化学品的监管策略不适用于PFAS。PFAS通过基于受体和基于非受体的机制发挥毒性，这使混合物评估复杂化，并阻碍了开发准确捕获毒性的廉价检测方法的努力。此外，类似二恶英的化学物质是不需要的副产品，但是PFAS是有用和有价值的，这导致人们强烈抵制限制生产的努力。尽管如此，可以从二恶英类化学品中吸取有用的教训，并应用于PFAS，包括消除不必要的新PFAS生产和对环境修复的积极投资，以解决其超长的环境持久性。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.
■这里，我们比较二恶英类化学品和PFAS的重要特征，包括历史,作用机制,和有效的上游监管策略，目的是收集过去的洞察力，以改进解决PFAS的策略。
■这两种化学品类别之间的差异意味着二恶英类化学品的监管策略不适用于PFAS。PFAS通过基于受体和基于非受体的机制发挥毒性，这使混合物评估复杂化，并阻碍了开发准确捕获毒性的廉价检测方法的努力。此外，类似二恶英的化学物质是不需要的副产品，但是PFAS是有用和有价值的，这导致人们强烈抵制限制生产的努力。尽管如此，可以从二恶英类化学品中吸取有用的教训，并应用于PFAS，包括消除不必要的新PFAS生产和对环境修复的积极投资，以解决其超长的环境持久性。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.
