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Abstract：
Introduction Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia exhibit different patterns of cognitive impairment, with schizophrenia demonstrating more profound deficiencies in verbal memory and bipolar disorder in social cognition. Understanding these patterns may guide the development of interventions to enhance cognition in these disorders. Aim This study aims to assess and compare the cognitive abilities of persons diagnosed with bipolar illness and schizophrenia. Methodology A facility-based cross-sectional study was done from December 2016 to June 2017 among 30 schizophrenia and 30 bipolar disorder patients aged 18-45 years, in remission selected after screening through Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Exclusions included schizoaffective disorder, systemic illness, brain/neurological conditions, and substance abuse. After collecting the baseline demographic and clinical profile of the selected patients, the cognitive domains were assessed such as attention (digit span), verbal memory (Rey\'s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)), visual memory (Rey Complex Figure), verbal fluency (Animal Naming), and executive functions (Stroop and Trail Making). The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 16 (Released 2007; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) using standard descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were largely similar between groups. Schizophrenia patients showed poorer attention, working memory, and visual attention/task-switching compared to bipolar patients. Bipolar patients demonstrated relatively preserved abilities in these domains but exhibited more impairments in visual and verbal memory. Distinct patterns highlight unique neurobiological underpinnings, showing association of more generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and more localized impairments in memory functions in bipolar disorder. Conclusion The study findings explain these disorders\' unique neurobiological mechanisms and may help develop targeted cognitive remediation and pharmacological interventions to improve functional outcomes and quality of life.
摘要：
介绍双相情感障碍和精神分裂症表现出不同的认知障碍模式，精神分裂症在言语记忆和社会认知方面表现出更深刻的缺陷。了解这些模式可能会指导干预措施的发展，以增强对这些疾病的认知。目的本研究旨在评估和比较被诊断为双相情感障碍和精神分裂症的人的认知能力。方法2016年12月至2017年6月，在30名18-45岁的精神分裂症和30名双相情感障碍患者中进行了一项基于设施的横断面研究。在通过汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HDRS)筛查后选择的缓解中，青年躁狂症评定量表（YMRS），或阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）。排除包括分裂情感障碍，全身性疾病,大脑/神经疾病，和药物滥用。收集选定患者的基线人口统计学和临床资料后，对认知领域进行了评估，如注意力(手指跨度)，言语记忆（Rey的听觉言语学习测试（RAVLT）），视觉记忆(ReyComplexFigure)，语言流利（动物命名），和执行功能(Stroop和跟踪制作)。使用IBMSPSSStatisticsforWindows分析数据，版本16（2007年发布；IBMCorp.,Armonk,纽约,美国)使用标准的描述性和推断性统计数据。结果两组间的社会人口统计学和临床特征基本相似。精神分裂症患者的注意力较差，工作记忆,与双相情感障碍患者相比，视觉注意力/任务切换。双相患者在这些领域表现出相对保留的能力，但在视觉和言语记忆方面表现出更多的障碍。独特的模式突出了独特的神经生物学基础，显示精神分裂症中更广泛的认知缺陷和双相情感障碍中更局部的记忆功能损害。结论研究结果解释了这些疾病独特的神经生物学机制，并可能有助于开发有针对性的认知修复和药物干预措施，以改善功能结果和生活质量。
