PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Drought significantly challenges global food security, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of plant molecular responses for effective mitigation strategies. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are key in regulating genes and hormones essential for drought response. While microRNAs (miRNAs) primarily regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, they can also interact with epigenetic pathways as potential effectors that influence chromatin remodeling. Although the role of miRNAs in epigenetic memory is still being explored, understanding their contribution to drought response requires examining these indirect effects on epigenetic modifications. A key aspect of this exploration is epigenetic memory in drought-adapted plants, offering insights into the transgenerational inheritance of adaptive traits. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the maintenance and erasure of these epigenetic imprints provides nuanced insights into how plants balance stability and flexibility in their epigenomes. A major focus is on the dynamic interaction between hormonal pathways-such as those for abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid (SA)-and epigenetic mechanisms. This interplay is crucial for fine-tuning gene expression during drought stress, leading to physiological and morphological adaptations that enhance plant drought resilience. This review also highlights the transformative potential of advanced technologies, such as bisulfite sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9, in providing comprehensive insights into plant responses to water deficit conditions. These technologies pave the way for developing drought-tolerant crops, which is vital for sustainable agriculture.
摘要：
干旱对全球粮食安全构成重大挑战，需要全面了解植物分子反应才能有效缓解策略。表观遗传修饰,如DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，是调节干旱反应所必需的基因和激素的关键。虽然microRNAs（miRNAs）主要在转录后调控基因表达，它们还可以与表观遗传途径相互作用，作为影响染色质重塑的潜在效应物。尽管miRNA在表观遗传记忆中的作用仍在探索中，了解它们对干旱响应的贡献需要检查这些对表观遗传修饰的间接影响。这项探索的一个关键方面是适应干旱的植物的表观遗传记忆，提供对适应性性状的跨代遗传的见解。了解控制这些表观遗传印记的维持和消除的机制提供了对植物如何平衡其表观基因组的稳定性和灵活性的细致入微的见解。一个主要的重点是激素途径之间的动态相互作用-例如脱落酸（ABA），乙烯,Jasmonates,以及水杨酸（SA）和表观遗传机制。这种相互作用对于在干旱胁迫期间微调基因表达至关重要，导致生理和形态适应，增强植物抗旱性。这篇综述还强调了先进技术的变革潜力，如亚硫酸氢盐测序和CRISPR-Cas9，在提供全面的见解植物对水分亏缺条件的反应。这些技术为发展耐旱作物铺平了道路，这对可持续农业至关重要。
