Abstract：
Although the potential effects of neonicotinoids (NEOs) in early life have received considerable attention, data on the exposure of mothers and infants to NEOs are scarce. In this study, four parent NEOs and one metabolite were widely detected in paired maternal serum (MS), umbilical cord serum (UCS) and breast milk (BM) samples, with median total NEO concentrations (ΣNEOs) of 113, 160 and 69 ng/L, respectively. Decreasing trends were observed for N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (30 %/year), acetamiprid (22 %/year) and ΣNEOs (15 %/year) in breast milk between 2014 and 2022, whereas increasing trends were seen for clothianidin (17 %/year) and thiamethoxam (30 %/year). N-desmethyl-acetamiprid was the predominant compound in all matrices. However, the contributions of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (35 %) and thiamethoxam (36 %) in breast milk were similar in 2022. Moreover, thiamethoxam has become the predominant contributor to the estimated daily intake of ΣNEOs since 2018, with the highest contribution of 71 % in 2022, suggesting the effects of NEOs continue to evolve and more attention should be paid to the new NEOs. Notably, the correlations and ratios of NEOs between paired UCS and MS were more significant and higher than those between paired BM and MS, respectively, indicating that NEO exposure was largely affected by the prenatal period.
摘要：
尽管新烟碱（NEO）在生命早期的潜在影响受到了相当多的关注，关于母亲和婴儿接触近地天体的数据很少。在这项研究中,在配对的母体血清(MS)中广泛检测到四个母体NEO和一个代谢物，脐带血清（UCS）和母乳（BM）样品，总NEO浓度中位数(ΣNEO)为113、160和69ng/L，分别。观察到N-去甲基-啶虫脒的下降趋势（30％/年），2014年至2022年期间，母乳中的啶虫脒（22％/年）和ΣNEO（15％/年），而噻虫胺（17％/年）和噻虫嗪（30％/年）呈上升趋势。N-去甲基-啶虫脒是所有基质中的主要化合物。然而,2022年,N-去甲基啶虫脒(35%)和噻虫嗪(36%)在母乳中的贡献相似.此外，自2018年以来，噻虫嗪已成为ΣNEO每日摄入量的主要贡献者，2022年的贡献率最高，为71％，这表明NEO的影响继续发展，应更多关注新的NEO。值得注意的是,配对UCS和MS之间的近地天体相关性和比值比配对BM和MS之间的相关性和比值更显著，分别,这表明NEO暴露在很大程度上受到产前时期的影响。
