Abstract：
Cancer is the main contributor for mortality in the world. Conventional therapy that available as the treatment options are chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. However, these treatments are hardly cell-specific most of the time. Nowadays, extensive research and investigations are made to develop cell-specific approaches prior to cancer treatment. Some of them are photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation and targeted therapy. This review article will be focusing on the development of gene therapy in cancer. The objective of gene therapy is to correct specific mutant genes causing the excessive proliferation of the cell that leads to cancer. There are lots of explorations in the approach to modify the gene. The delivery of this therapy plays a big role in its success. If the inserted gene does not find its way to the target, the therapy is considered a failure. Hence, vectors are needed and the common vectors used are viral, non viral or synthetic, polymer based and lipid based vectors. The advancement of gene therapy in cancer treatment will be focussing on the top three cancer cases in the world which are breast, lung and colon cancer. In breast cancer, the discussed therapy are CRISPR/Cas9, siRNA and gene silencing whereas in colon cancer miRNA and suicide gene therapy and in lung cancer, replacement of tumor suppressor gene, CRISPR/Cas9 and miRNA.
摘要：
癌症是世界上死亡率的主要贡献者。作为治疗选择的常规疗法是化疗，放疗和手术。然而,这些治疗方法在大多数情况下几乎没有细胞特异性。如今,在癌症治疗之前，进行了广泛的研究和调查以开发细胞特异性方法。其中一些是光动力疗法，热疗,免疫疗法，干细胞移植和靶向治疗。本文将对肿瘤基因治疗的发展进行综述。基因治疗的目的是纠正导致癌症的细胞过度增殖的特定突变基因。在修饰基因的方法上有很多探索。这种疗法的实施在其成功中起着重要作用。如果插入的基因找不到目标，治疗被认为是失败的。因此，载体是必需的，常用的载体是病毒，非病毒或合成，基于聚合物和基于脂质的载体。基因治疗在癌症治疗中的进展将集中在世界三大癌症病例上，即乳腺癌，肺癌和结肠癌。在乳腺癌中，讨论的疗法是CRISPR/Cas9，siRNA和基因沉默，而在结肠癌miRNA和自杀基因治疗以及肺癌中，替换抑癌基因，CRISPR/Cas9和miRNA。
