PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Geographic variation in COVID-19 vaccination can create areas at higher risk of infection, complications, and death, exacerbating health inequalities. This ecological study examined geographic patterns of COVID-19 vaccine completion, using age and sociodemographic characteristics as possible explanatory mechanisms.
RESULTS: Using 2020-2022 data from the North Carolina COVID-19 Vaccination Management System and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, at the Zip code-level, we evaluated completion of the primary COVID-19 vaccine series across age groups. We examined geographic clustering of age-specific completion by Zip code and evaluated similarity of the age-specific geographic patterns. Using unadjusted and adjusted spatial autoregressive models, we examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and age-specific vaccine completion. COVID-19 vaccine completion was moderately geographically clustered in younger groups, with lower clustering in older groups. Urban areas had clusters of higher vaccine completion. Younger and middle-aged groups were the most similar in completion geographically, while the oldest group was most dissimilar to other age groups. Higher income was associated with higher completion in adjusted models across all age groups, while a higher percent of Black residents was associated with higher completion for some groups.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination completion is more variable among younger age groups in North Carolina, and it is higher in urban areas with higher income. Higher completion in areas with more Black residents may reflect the success of racial equity efforts in the state. The findings show a need to reach younger populations and lower income areas that were not prioritized during early vaccination distribution.
RESULTS: Using 2020-2022 data from the North Carolina COVID-19 Vaccination Management System and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, at the Zip code-level, we evaluated completion of the primary COVID-19 vaccine series across age groups. We examined geographic clustering of age-specific completion by Zip code and evaluated similarity of the age-specific geographic patterns. Using unadjusted and adjusted spatial autoregressive models, we examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and age-specific vaccine completion. COVID-19 vaccine completion was moderately geographically clustered in younger groups, with lower clustering in older groups. Urban areas had clusters of higher vaccine completion. Younger and middle-aged groups were the most similar in completion geographically, while the oldest group was most dissimilar to other age groups. Higher income was associated with higher completion in adjusted models across all age groups, while a higher percent of Black residents was associated with higher completion for some groups.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination completion is more variable among younger age groups in North Carolina, and it is higher in urban areas with higher income. Higher completion in areas with more Black residents may reflect the success of racial equity efforts in the state. The findings show a need to reach younger populations and lower income areas that were not prioritized during early vaccination distribution.
摘要：
背景：COVID-19疫苗接种的地理差异可能导致感染风险较高的地区，并发症,和死亡,加剧健康不平等。这项生态研究检查了COVID-19疫苗完成的地理模式，使用年龄和社会人口统计学特征作为可能的解释机制。
结果：使用来自北卡罗来纳州COVID-19疫苗接种管理系统和美国人口普查局美国社区调查的2020-2022年数据，在邮政编码级别，我们评估了各年龄组主要COVID-19疫苗系列的完成情况.我们通过邮政编码检查了特定年龄完成的地理聚类，并评估了特定年龄地理模式的相似性。使用未经调整和调整的空间自回归模型，我们研究了社会人口统计学特征与年龄特异性疫苗完成量之间的关联.COVID-19疫苗完成在较年轻的群体中在地理上中等程度地聚集，在老年群体中聚类较低。城市地区的疫苗完成度较高。年轻人和中年群体在地理上最相似，而年龄最大的组与其他年龄组最不同。在所有年龄组的调整后模型中，更高的收入与更高的完成度相关，而黑人居民的百分比较高与某些群体的完成度较高有关。
结论：COVID-19疫苗接种完成情况在北卡罗来纳州较年轻的年龄组中差异更大，在收入较高的城市地区，这一数字更高。在黑人居民较多的地区，完成率较高可能反映了该州种族平等努力的成功。研究结果表明，需要覆盖在早期疫苗接种分配过程中没有优先考虑的年轻人群和低收入地区。
结果：使用来自北卡罗来纳州COVID-19疫苗接种管理系统和美国人口普查局美国社区调查的2020-2022年数据，在邮政编码级别，我们评估了各年龄组主要COVID-19疫苗系列的完成情况.我们通过邮政编码检查了特定年龄完成的地理聚类，并评估了特定年龄地理模式的相似性。使用未经调整和调整的空间自回归模型，我们研究了社会人口统计学特征与年龄特异性疫苗完成量之间的关联.COVID-19疫苗完成在较年轻的群体中在地理上中等程度地聚集，在老年群体中聚类较低。城市地区的疫苗完成度较高。年轻人和中年群体在地理上最相似，而年龄最大的组与其他年龄组最不同。在所有年龄组的调整后模型中，更高的收入与更高的完成度相关，而黑人居民的百分比较高与某些群体的完成度较高有关。
结论：COVID-19疫苗接种完成情况在北卡罗来纳州较年轻的年龄组中差异更大，在收入较高的城市地区，这一数字更高。在黑人居民较多的地区，完成率较高可能反映了该州种族平等努力的成功。研究结果表明，需要覆盖在早期疫苗接种分配过程中没有优先考虑的年轻人群和低收入地区。
