Abstract：
In this narrative review, we assess the pathophysiology of severe adverse events that presented after vaccination with DNA and mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. The focus is on the perspective of an undersulfated and degraded glycocalyx, considering its impact on immunomodulation, inflammatory responses, coagulation and oxidative stress. The paper explores various factors that lead to glutathione and inorganic sulfate depletion and their subsequent effect on glycocalyx sulfation and other metabolites, including hormones. Components of COVID-19 vaccines, such as DNA and mRNA material, spike protein antigen and lipid nanoparticles, are involved in possible cytotoxic effects. The common thread connecting these adverse events is endotheliopathy or glycocalyx degradation, caused by depleted glutathione and inorganic sulfate levels, shear stress from circulating nanoparticles, aggregation and formation of protein coronas; leading to imbalanced immune responses and chronic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology of severe adverse events, better treatment options can be explored.
摘要：
在这篇叙述性评论中，我们评估了COVID-19DNA和mRNA疫苗接种后出现的严重不良事件的病理生理学.重点是硫酸根低和降解的糖萼的观点，考虑到它对免疫调节的影响，炎症反应，凝血和氧化应激。本文探讨了导致谷胱甘肽和无机硫酸盐消耗的各种因素，以及它们对糖萼硫酸化和其他代谢物的后续影响，包括荷尔蒙.COVID-19疫苗的成分，如DNA和mRNA材料，刺突蛋白抗原和脂质纳米粒，参与可能的细胞毒性作用。连接这些不良事件的共同点是内皮病或糖萼降解，由谷胱甘肽和无机硫酸盐水平耗尽引起，来自循环纳米粒子的剪切应力，蛋白质电晕的聚集和形成；导致免疫反应不平衡和促炎细胞因子的慢性释放，最终导致氧化应激和全身炎症反应综合征。通过了解严重不良事件的潜在病理生理学，可以探索更好的治疗方案。
