PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The improper application of pesticides in cultivating vegetables has resulted in the buildup of pesticide residues on vegetables. This study evaluated organophosphate pesticide residue levels in cabbage with specific objectives of investigating the varieties of organophosphate pesticides employed by farmers and their awareness, assessing residue levels on cabbage using semi-structured questionnaires, and determining the distribution of pesticide residues within the layers of the cabbage head using 50 cabbage samples randomly collected from farmers from 14 cabbage-producing communities. The findings indicated that 98 % of the farmers applied pesticides in the morning, whereas 24 % preferred evening application. Meanwhile, 22 % applied pesticides twice in a day. Also, 18 % combined pesticides, 40 % applied 20 ml during the application, 72 % chose a particular pesticide based on the expected efficiency, 46 % applied pesticides between 1 and 5 times in a season and 66 % sprayed between 7 and 14 days. Pyrinex 48 EC and Perferthion emerged as the predominant organophosphates, with usage rates of 10 % and 12 % respectively. Also, eleven (11) organophosphate pesticide residues were identified in the cabbage samples. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest concentrations of pesticide residues, with levels reaching 0.02 mg/kg, with 56.6 % of the samples containing chlorpyrifos pesticide residue. Nevertheless, all the identified pesticide residues did not exceed the maximum residue limits for cabbage. The study analysis disclosed the presence of various organophosphate pesticide residues in the first 10 layers of cabbage. However, it was noted that the innermost layers might not contain any detectable pesticide residues. The findings highlight the need for farmers to use pesticides judiciously and follow recommended application practices to minimize vegetable residues.
摘要：
蔬菜种植中农药的不当使用导致了蔬菜上农药残留的积累。这项研究评估了白菜中的有机磷农药残留水平，具体目标是调查农民使用的有机磷农药品种及其意识。使用半结构化问卷评估白菜上的残留水平，并使用从14个白菜生产社区的农民那里随机收集的50个白菜样品，确定白菜头层中农药残留的分布。调查结果表明，98%的农民在早上施用农药，而24%的人更喜欢晚上申请。同时,22%的农药每天施用两次。此外，18%的联合农药，40%在施用过程中施用20毫升，72%的人根据预期效率选择了特定的农药，46%的人在一个季节内施用1到5次农药，66%的人在7到14天之间喷洒农药。Pyrinex48EC和Perferthion成为主要的有机磷酸酯，使用率分别为10%和12%。此外，在白菜样品中鉴定出十一（11）种有机磷农药残留。Profenofos和毒死蜱表现出最高的农药残留浓度，水平达到0.02毫克/千克，其中56.6%的样品含有毒死蜱农药残留。然而，所有确定的农药残留均未超过白菜的最大残留限值。研究分析揭示了卷心菜的前10层中存在各种有机磷酸酯农药残留。然而,据指出，最内层可能不含任何可检测到的农药残留物。研究结果强调，农民需要明智地使用农药，并遵循推荐的应用实践，以最大程度地减少蔬菜残留。
