Abstract：
Thinning woody biomass to reduce wildfire risk has become a common forest management prescription throughout the Intermountain West. Converting the resulting slash into biochar, a carbon-rich soil amendment, could help mitigate some of the shortcomings of other fuel treatments, but land managers in the western United States have not widely adopted biochar, despite its potential benefits and new government incentives. Thus, we investigated the often under-studied sociocultural, economic, and biophysical barriers to biochar production and identified important factors to inform future outreach efforts that will help to expand biochar production from thinning slash in northern New Mexico. We distributed surveys and conducted interviews with land managers and personnel working in environment conservation organizations who work with land managers throughout northern New Mexico. We found that 65% of participants (n = 60) were familiar with biochar, and 13% already produced biochar. Participants identified improving soil and reducing forest fuel loads as the main benefits of biochar. The most prevalent barriers to adopting biochar were insufficient knowledge about biochar production and its application and concerns about production costs. Given land manager preferences, outreach efforts to encourage biochar adoption should focus on hands-on informational activities. Barriers and preferred outreach methods varied by participant race and familiarity with biochar. With appropriate training to empower land managers, biochar can provide environmental and community benefits by the sustainable conversion of forest residues into a soil enhancement product that would be beneficial to northern New Mexico\'s dry, high wildfire risk context.
摘要：
减少木本生物量以减少野火风险已成为整个山区西部的常见森林管理处方。将得到的斜线转化为生物炭，富含碳的土壤改良剂，可以帮助减轻其他燃料处理的一些缺点，但是美国西部的土地管理者还没有广泛采用生物炭，尽管它有潜在的好处和新的政府激励措施。因此，我们调查了经常被研究不足的社会文化，经济,以及生物炭生产的生物物理障碍，并确定了重要因素，以告知未来的外展工作，这将有助于从新墨西哥州北部的稀薄斜线扩大生物炭生产。我们分发了调查，并采访了新墨西哥州北部与土地管理者一起工作的土地管理者和环境保护组织中的人员。我们发现65％的参与者（n=60）熟悉生物炭，13%已经生产了生物炭。与会者认为改善土壤和减少森林燃料负荷是生物炭的主要好处。采用生物炭最普遍的障碍是对生物炭生产及其应用的知识不足以及对生产成本的担忧。鉴于土地经理的偏好，鼓励采用生物炭的外展工作应侧重于实践信息活动。障碍和首选的外展方法因参与者的种族和对生物炭的熟悉程度而异。通过适当的培训，赋予土地管理者权力，生物炭可以通过将森林残留物可持续转化为土壤强化产品来提供环境和社区利益，这将有利于新墨西哥州北部的干旱，高野火风险背景。
