Abstract：
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) serve as significant flame retardants and plasticizers in various petrochemical downstream products. The petrochemical industry could be a potential source of atmospheric OPEs, but their emissions from this industry are poorly understood. The present study revealed the spatial variation, emission, and atmospheric transport of traditional and novel OPEs (TOPEs and NOPEs, respectively) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) across Hainan and Guangdong petrochemical complexes (HNPC and GDPC, respectively) in southern China. The total concentrations of TOPEs ranged from 232 to 46,002 pg/m3 and from 200 to 20,347 pg/m3 in the HNPC and GDPC, respectively, which were substantially higher than those of NOPEs (HNPC: 23.5-147 pg/m3, GDPC: 13.9-465 pg/m3). Enterprises involved in the production of downstream petrochemical products presented relatively high concentrations of OPEs, indicating evident emissions of these pollutants in the petrochemical industry. The correlations of PM-bound OPEs in the atmosphere are determined mainly by their coaddition to industrial products or their coexistence in technical mixtures. The annual emissions of TOPEs and NOPEs in the HNPC were 42.6 kg and 0.34 kg, respectively, and those in the GDPC were 116 kg and 1.85 kg, respectively. OPEs from the HNPC can reach Vietnam, Cambodia, and Guangxi Province, China, and those from the GDPC can reach Guangxi Province and Hunan Province via atmospheric transmission after 24 h of emission. The OPE concentrations reaching the receptor regions were generally less than 3.20 pg/m3. Risk assessment revealed that OPE inhalation exposure on two petrochemical complexes likely poses minor risks for people living in the study areas, but the risk resulting from two chlorinated OPEs should be noted since they are close to the threshold values. This study has implications for enhancing control measures for OPE emissions to reduce health risks related to the petrochemical industry.
摘要：
有机磷酸酯(OPEs)在各种石化下游产品中充当重要的阻燃剂和增塑剂。石化工业可能是大气OPEs的潜在来源，但是他们对这个行业的排放知之甚少。本研究揭示了空间变化，发射,以及传统和新型OPEs(TOPEs和NOPEs，分别)在海南和广东石化综合体(HNPC和GDPC，分别)在中国南方。在HNPC和GDPC中，TOPE的总浓度范围为232至46,002pg/m3和200至20,347pg/m3，分别,大大高于NOPE（HNPC：23.5-147pg/m3，GDPC：13.9-465pg/m3）。参与下游石化产品生产的企业呈现出相对较高的OPEs浓度，表明这些污染物在石化行业的明显排放。大气中PM结合的OPEs的相关性主要取决于它们与工业产品的共加成或它们在技术混合物中的共存。HNPC的TOPEs和NOPEs年排放量分别为42.6公斤和0.34公斤,分别,GDPC中的分别为116公斤和1.85公斤，分别。来自HNPC的OPEs可以到达越南，柬埔寨,和广西，中国,GDPC排放24小时后，可通过大气传输到达广西和湖南省。到达受体区域的OPE浓度通常小于3.20pg/m3。风险评估显示，OPE在两个石化综合体上的吸入暴露可能对生活在研究区域的人们构成较小的风险，但由于两个氯化OPEs接近阈值，因此应注意其风险。这项研究对加强OPE排放控制措施以减少与石化行业相关的健康风险具有重要意义。
