PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of allergies and asthma has led to a growing global socioeconomic burden. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health and lifestyles of children and adolescents have changed dramatically. It\'s unclear how this shift impacted allergy and asthma, with limited studies addressing this question. We aim to explore the difference of the prevalence of allergies and asthma among US children and adolescents during and before the COVID-19 pandemic using a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 31,503 participants in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between 2018 and 2021. Allergies and asthma were defined on an affirmative response in the questionnaire by a parent or guardian. Chi-square tests were used to compare baseline characteristics with allergies and asthma for categorical variables. Differences in prevalence during and before the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated with weighted logistic regression, adjusting for demographic factors. Interaction analyses explored variations across strata.
RESULTS: In US children and adolescents aged 0 to 17, prevalence of any allergy was 26.1% (95% CI, 24.8%- 27.4%) in 2018 and 27.1% (95% CI, 25.9%- 28.2%) in 2021. Thereinto, in 2018, prevalence of respiratory allergies, food allergies and skin allergies were 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%- 15.0%), 6.5% (95% CI, 5.8%- 7.1%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.6%- 13.5%), respectively, and in 2021, 18.8% (95% CI, 17.8%- 19.9%), 5.8% (95% CI, 5.2%- 6.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI, 9.9%- 11.5%), respectively. And prevalence of asthma was 11.1% (95% CI, 10.5%- 11.7%) in 2018-2019 and 9.8% (95% CI, 9.2%- 10.4%) in 2020-2021. Prevalence of respiratory allergies, skin allergies and asthma during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents had statistically significant differences. The differences persisted after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of respiratory allergies increased and the prevalence of both skin allergies and asthma decreased among US children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to explore the association between allergic diseases and the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the impact of lifestyle changes resulting from measures to prevent COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 31,503 participants in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between 2018 and 2021. Allergies and asthma were defined on an affirmative response in the questionnaire by a parent or guardian. Chi-square tests were used to compare baseline characteristics with allergies and asthma for categorical variables. Differences in prevalence during and before the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated with weighted logistic regression, adjusting for demographic factors. Interaction analyses explored variations across strata.
RESULTS: In US children and adolescents aged 0 to 17, prevalence of any allergy was 26.1% (95% CI, 24.8%- 27.4%) in 2018 and 27.1% (95% CI, 25.9%- 28.2%) in 2021. Thereinto, in 2018, prevalence of respiratory allergies, food allergies and skin allergies were 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%- 15.0%), 6.5% (95% CI, 5.8%- 7.1%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.6%- 13.5%), respectively, and in 2021, 18.8% (95% CI, 17.8%- 19.9%), 5.8% (95% CI, 5.2%- 6.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI, 9.9%- 11.5%), respectively. And prevalence of asthma was 11.1% (95% CI, 10.5%- 11.7%) in 2018-2019 and 9.8% (95% CI, 9.2%- 10.4%) in 2020-2021. Prevalence of respiratory allergies, skin allergies and asthma during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents had statistically significant differences. The differences persisted after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of respiratory allergies increased and the prevalence of both skin allergies and asthma decreased among US children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to explore the association between allergic diseases and the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the impact of lifestyle changes resulting from measures to prevent COVID-19 infection.
摘要：
背景：过敏和哮喘患病率的增加导致了全球社会经济负担的增加。自COVID-19大流行爆发以来，儿童和青少年的健康和生活方式发生了巨大变化。目前还不清楚这种转变是如何影响过敏和哮喘的，有限的研究解决了这个问题。我们旨在使用具有全国代表性的美国儿童和青少年样本，探讨在COVID-19大流行期间和之前美国儿童和青少年过敏和哮喘患病率的差异。
方法：这项横断面研究包括2018年至2021年国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的31,503名参与者。父母或监护人在问卷中的肯定回答中定义了过敏和哮喘。卡方检验用于比较过敏和哮喘的分类变量的基线特征。用加权逻辑回归估计COVID-19大流行期间和之前的患病率差异，调整人口因素。相互作用分析探索了不同地层的变化。
结果：在美国0至17岁的儿童和青少年中，2018年任何过敏的患病率为26.1%（95%CI，24.8%-27.4%），2021年为27.1%（95%CI，25.9%-28.2%）。其中，2018年，呼吸道过敏的患病率，食物过敏和皮肤过敏为14.0%（95%CI，13.1%-15.0%），6.5%（95%CI，5.8%-7.1%）和12.6%（95%CI，11.6%-13.5%），分别,2021年，18.8%（95%CI，17.8%-19.9%），5.8%（95%CI，5.2%-6.4%）和10.7%（95%CI，9.9%-11.5%），分别。2018-2019年哮喘患病率为11.1%（95%CI，10.5%-11.7%），2020-2021年为9.8%（95%CI，9.2%-10.4%）。呼吸道过敏的患病率，儿童和青少年在COVID-19大流行期间和之前的皮肤过敏和哮喘差异有统计学意义.在调整了人口和社会经济变量后，差异仍然存在。
结论：与COVID-19大流行前相比，在COVID-19大流行期间，美国儿童和青少年中呼吸道过敏的患病率增加，皮肤过敏和哮喘的患病率下降。需要进一步的研究来探索过敏性疾病和大流行之间的关系，特别强调预防COVID-19感染的措施导致的生活方式改变的影响。
方法：这项横断面研究包括2018年至2021年国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的31,503名参与者。父母或监护人在问卷中的肯定回答中定义了过敏和哮喘。卡方检验用于比较过敏和哮喘的分类变量的基线特征。用加权逻辑回归估计COVID-19大流行期间和之前的患病率差异，调整人口因素。相互作用分析探索了不同地层的变化。
结果：在美国0至17岁的儿童和青少年中，2018年任何过敏的患病率为26.1%（95%CI，24.8%-27.4%），2021年为27.1%（95%CI，25.9%-28.2%）。其中，2018年，呼吸道过敏的患病率，食物过敏和皮肤过敏为14.0%（95%CI，13.1%-15.0%），6.5%（95%CI，5.8%-7.1%）和12.6%（95%CI，11.6%-13.5%），分别,2021年，18.8%（95%CI，17.8%-19.9%），5.8%（95%CI，5.2%-6.4%）和10.7%（95%CI，9.9%-11.5%），分别。2018-2019年哮喘患病率为11.1%（95%CI，10.5%-11.7%），2020-2021年为9.8%（95%CI，9.2%-10.4%）。呼吸道过敏的患病率，儿童和青少年在COVID-19大流行期间和之前的皮肤过敏和哮喘差异有统计学意义.在调整了人口和社会经济变量后，差异仍然存在。
结论：与COVID-19大流行前相比，在COVID-19大流行期间，美国儿童和青少年中呼吸道过敏的患病率增加，皮肤过敏和哮喘的患病率下降。需要进一步的研究来探索过敏性疾病和大流行之间的关系，特别强调预防COVID-19感染的措施导致的生活方式改变的影响。
