Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) on sleep in this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until August 2023. All clinical trials that investigated the effects of chamomile on sleep, either in healthy or diseased adults, were eligible to enter the study. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI for the outcomes assessed by at least three studies with relatively consistent participants.
RESULTS: The systematic review included ten studies (772 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and sleep length. A significant reduction in PSQI score (WMD: -1.88, 95 %CI: -3.46, -0.31, I2: 88.4 %, n = 5) was found. For other outcomes, meta-analysis was not conducted. Sleep onset latency or ease of getting to sleep were improved in three of the four studies. Daytime functioning measures, including fatigue severity index or postpartum fatigue scale, did not change in all three studies. Sleep efficiency did not change in two studies and deteriorated in one. The number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep was improved in two of the three studies. No adverse events were reported in any of the studies although passive surveillance was used to assess adverse effects except in one study. Only one study surveyed the blinding success and tested the purity and/or potency of the used products.
CONCLUSIONS: Chamomile improved sleep, especially the number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep; however, it did not lead to an improvement in the duration of sleep, percentage of sleep efficiency, and daytime functioning measures. Future studies are suggested to assess objective measures.
METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until August 2023. All clinical trials that investigated the effects of chamomile on sleep, either in healthy or diseased adults, were eligible to enter the study. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI for the outcomes assessed by at least three studies with relatively consistent participants.
RESULTS: The systematic review included ten studies (772 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and sleep length. A significant reduction in PSQI score (WMD: -1.88, 95 %CI: -3.46, -0.31, I2: 88.4 %, n = 5) was found. For other outcomes, meta-analysis was not conducted. Sleep onset latency or ease of getting to sleep were improved in three of the four studies. Daytime functioning measures, including fatigue severity index or postpartum fatigue scale, did not change in all three studies. Sleep efficiency did not change in two studies and deteriorated in one. The number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep was improved in two of the three studies. No adverse events were reported in any of the studies although passive surveillance was used to assess adverse effects except in one study. Only one study surveyed the blinding success and tested the purity and/or potency of the used products.
CONCLUSIONS: Chamomile improved sleep, especially the number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep; however, it did not lead to an improvement in the duration of sleep, percentage of sleep efficiency, and daytime functioning measures. Future studies are suggested to assess objective measures.
摘要：
目的：本系统综述和临床试验的荟萃分析，旨在研究母霉对睡眠时间和质量的影响。
方法：PubMed，Scopus,WebofScience,和Cochrane图书馆一直搜索到2023年8月。所有研究洋甘菊对睡眠影响的临床试验，无论是健康的还是患病的成年人，有资格进入研究。使用Cochrane工具评估研究质量。随机效应荟萃分析用于汇集加权平均差异（WMD）和95％CI，以评估至少三项具有相对一致参与者的研究的结果。
结果：系统评价包括10项研究（772名参与者）。对匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分和睡眠时间进行Meta分析。PSQI评分显着降低（WMD：-1.88，95CI：-3.46，-0.31，I2：88.4％，n=5)被发现。对于其他结果，没有进行荟萃分析。在四项研究中的三项研究中，睡眠开始潜伏期或睡眠容易性得到改善。日间功能措施，包括疲劳严重程度指数或产后疲劳量表，在所有三项研究中都没有改变。睡眠效率在两项研究中没有变化，而在一项研究中却有所下降。在三项研究中的两项研究中，睡眠或保持睡眠后的觉醒次数得到了改善。尽管除一项研究外，被动监测用于评估不良反应，但在任何研究中均未报告不良事件。只有一项研究调查了致盲成功并测试了所用产品的纯度和/或效力。
结论：洋甘菊改善睡眠质量，尤其是睡眠或保持睡眠后醒来的次数；然而，它并没有导致睡眠时间的改善，睡眠效率的百分比，和白天的功能措施。建议未来的研究来评估客观措施。
方法：PubMed，Scopus,WebofScience,和Cochrane图书馆一直搜索到2023年8月。所有研究洋甘菊对睡眠影响的临床试验，无论是健康的还是患病的成年人，有资格进入研究。使用Cochrane工具评估研究质量。随机效应荟萃分析用于汇集加权平均差异（WMD）和95％CI，以评估至少三项具有相对一致参与者的研究的结果。
结果：系统评价包括10项研究（772名参与者）。对匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分和睡眠时间进行Meta分析。PSQI评分显着降低（WMD：-1.88，95CI：-3.46，-0.31，I2：88.4％，n=5)被发现。对于其他结果，没有进行荟萃分析。在四项研究中的三项研究中，睡眠开始潜伏期或睡眠容易性得到改善。日间功能措施，包括疲劳严重程度指数或产后疲劳量表，在所有三项研究中都没有改变。睡眠效率在两项研究中没有变化，而在一项研究中却有所下降。在三项研究中的两项研究中，睡眠或保持睡眠后的觉醒次数得到了改善。尽管除一项研究外，被动监测用于评估不良反应，但在任何研究中均未报告不良事件。只有一项研究调查了致盲成功并测试了所用产品的纯度和/或效力。
结论：洋甘菊改善睡眠质量，尤其是睡眠或保持睡眠后醒来的次数；然而，它并没有导致睡眠时间的改善，睡眠效率的百分比，和白天的功能措施。建议未来的研究来评估客观措施。
