Abstract：
Wildfire intensity and severity have been increasing in the Iberian Peninsula in recent years, particularly in the Galicia region, due to rising temperatures and accumulating drier combustible vegetation in unmanaged lands. This leads to substantial emissions of air pollutants, notably fine particles (PM2.5), posing a risk to public health. This study aims to assess the impact of local and regional wildfires on PM2.5 levels in Galicia\'s main cities and their implications for air quality and public health. Over a decade (2013-2022), PM2.5 data during wildfire seasons were analyzed using statistical methods and Lagrangian tracking to monitor smoke plume evolution. The results reveal a notable increase in PM2.5 concentration during the wildfire season (June-November) in Galicia, surpassing health guidelines during extreme events and posing a significant health risk to the population. Regional wildfire analyses indicate that smoke plumes from Northern Portugal contribute to pollution in Galician cities, influencing the seasonality of heightened PM2.5 levels. During extensive wildfires, elevated PM2.5 concentration values persisted for several days, potentially exacerbating health concerns in Galicia. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing air pollution prevention and management measures in the region, including developing effective alerts for large-scale events and improved wildfire management strategies to mitigate their impact on air quality in Galician cities.
摘要：
近年来，伊比利亚半岛的野火强度和严重程度一直在增加，特别是在加利西亚地区，由于气温上升和无管理土地上积累的干燥的可燃植被。这导致大量的空气污染物排放，特别是细颗粒(PM2.5)，对公众健康构成风险。这项研究旨在评估加利西亚主要城市的局部和区域野火对PM2.5水平的影响及其对空气质量和公共卫生的影响。十年来（2013-2022），使用统计方法和拉格朗日跟踪分析了野火季节的PM2.5数据，以监测烟羽的演变。结果显示，在加利西亚的野火季节（6月至11月），PM2.5浓度显着增加。在极端事件中超越健康指南，对人群构成重大健康风险。区域野火分析表明，来自葡萄牙北部的烟羽造成了加利西亚城市的污染，影响PM2.5水平升高的季节性。在大规模的野火中，PM2.5浓度值升高持续数天，可能加剧加利西亚的健康问题。这些发现强调了在该地区实施空气污染预防和管理措施的紧迫性，包括为大规模事件制定有效的警报和改进的野火管理策略，以减轻其对加利西亚城市空气质量的影响。
