Abstract：
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely produced and used, while little is known about their occurrence in the food chain and potential sources. In this study, raw cow milk, cow drinking water, and feed were collected from pastures across China, and OPEs were tested to explore the occurrence and transmission of OPEs in the food chain and to further assess daily OPE intakes for cows and humans via certain food consumption. The median level of ∑OPEs (sum of 15 OPEs) in raw milk was 2140 pg/mL, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the most abundant OPE. Levels of OPEs in water were lower than those in raw milk except for triethyl phosphate (TEP), while levels of most OPEs in feed were significantly higher than those in raw milk (adjusted by dry weight). The estimated dietary intake of OPEs via feed for cows was 2530 ng/kg bw/day, which was much higher than that via water (742 ng/kg bw/day), indicating that feed was a more critical exposure source. For liquid milk consumers, the high-exposure (95th) estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ∑15OPE were 20 and 7.11 ng/kg bw/day for 3-17 years and adults, respectively, and it is obvious that cows had much heavier OPE intake. Finally, the calculated hazard indexes (HIs) suggested that the intake of OPEs via cow milk consumption would not pose significant health risks to the Chinese population.
摘要：
有机磷酸酯(OPEs)已被广泛生产和使用,而对它们在食物链中的发生和潜在来源知之甚少。在这项研究中,生牛奶，奶牛喝水，饲料是从中国各地的牧场收集的，和OPEs进行了测试，以探索OPEs在食物链中的发生和传播，并通过某些食物消费进一步评估奶牛和人类的每日OPE摄入量。原料乳中∑OPEs(15OPEs之和)的中位数水平为2140pg/mL,磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCIPP）是最丰富的OPE。除磷酸三乙酯（TEP）外，水中的OPEs水平低于原奶，而饲料中大多数OPEs的水平明显高于原奶(按干重调整)。奶牛通过饲料摄入的OPEs估计为2530ng/kgbw/天，远高于水（742纳克/千克体重/天），表明饲料是更关键的暴露源。对于液态奶消费者来说，在3-17岁和成人中，∑15OPE的高暴露（第95位）估计每日摄入量（EDI）分别为20和7.11ng/kgbw/天，分别,很明显，奶牛的OPE摄入量要重得多。最后,计算的危害指数（HIs）表明，通过食用牛奶摄入OPEs不会对中国人口构成重大健康风险。
